Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs
Abstract Background Several variables influence the serum concentration of thyroid hormones in dogs, including breed, age, drugs, and concurrent diseases. However, data regarding the interaction between thyroid function and the estrous stage of female dogs are limited. Hypothesis Estrous stage may i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16959 |
| _version_ | 1797349529156059136 |
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| author | Paola Scarpa Filippo Tagliasacchi Francesca Iavazzo Michela Beccaglia Adriano Monino Paolo Dri Gianpaolo Milite |
| author_facet | Paola Scarpa Filippo Tagliasacchi Francesca Iavazzo Michela Beccaglia Adriano Monino Paolo Dri Gianpaolo Milite |
| author_sort | Paola Scarpa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Several variables influence the serum concentration of thyroid hormones in dogs, including breed, age, drugs, and concurrent diseases. However, data regarding the interaction between thyroid function and the estrous stage of female dogs are limited. Hypothesis Estrous stage may influence thyroid function in German Shepherd dogs. Methods Longitudinal, observational, non‐randomized cohort study. The dogs were monitored during the complete estrous cycle, and different stages were determined by vaginal cytology. Two blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each stage to analyze the following: total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), canine thyrotropin (cTSH), progesterone, 17‐β‐estradiol, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations. Hematological and biochemical evaluations were performed at the beginning and end of the study period. Animals Seventeen German Shepherds were included, of which 7 were bred during the study period. One dog was excluded for estrus interruption and another for suspected hypothyroidism. Results Serum concentrations of T4, fT4, and fT3 were negatively correlated with age. Total thyroxine demonstrated significant changes in serum concentrations between estrous stages, with higher concentrations in estrus and diestrus. Total thyroxine concentrations were positively correlated with progesterone concentrations and negatively correlated with 17‐β‐estradiol concentrations. Free thyroxine did not show significant variations but was positively correlated with progesterone concentrations. Canine TSH concentrations were positively correlated with 17‐β‐estradiol concentrations. No significant differences in thyroid hormones and cTSH concentrations were observed between diestrus during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Conclusions Different stages of estrus can influence the measurement of TT4 in female dogs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:31:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b3258636b5174dc297661653ea634684 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:31:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b3258636b5174dc297661653ea6346842024-01-22T02:05:50ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762024-01-01381819210.1111/jvim.16959Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogsPaola Scarpa0Filippo Tagliasacchi1Francesca Iavazzo2Michela Beccaglia3Adriano Monino4Paolo Dri5Gianpaolo Milite6Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences – DIVAS University of Milan Lodi 26900 ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences – DIVAS University of Milan Lodi 26900 ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences – DIVAS University of Milan Lodi 26900 ItalyAmbulatorio Veterinario “Beccaglia” Lissone 20851 ItalyClinica Veterinaria “Animal Care” Martignacco 33035 ItalyClinica Veterinaria “Animal Care” Martignacco 33035 ItalyClinica Veterinaria “Animal Care” Martignacco 33035 ItalyAbstract Background Several variables influence the serum concentration of thyroid hormones in dogs, including breed, age, drugs, and concurrent diseases. However, data regarding the interaction between thyroid function and the estrous stage of female dogs are limited. Hypothesis Estrous stage may influence thyroid function in German Shepherd dogs. Methods Longitudinal, observational, non‐randomized cohort study. The dogs were monitored during the complete estrous cycle, and different stages were determined by vaginal cytology. Two blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each stage to analyze the following: total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), canine thyrotropin (cTSH), progesterone, 17‐β‐estradiol, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations. Hematological and biochemical evaluations were performed at the beginning and end of the study period. Animals Seventeen German Shepherds were included, of which 7 were bred during the study period. One dog was excluded for estrus interruption and another for suspected hypothyroidism. Results Serum concentrations of T4, fT4, and fT3 were negatively correlated with age. Total thyroxine demonstrated significant changes in serum concentrations between estrous stages, with higher concentrations in estrus and diestrus. Total thyroxine concentrations were positively correlated with progesterone concentrations and negatively correlated with 17‐β‐estradiol concentrations. Free thyroxine did not show significant variations but was positively correlated with progesterone concentrations. Canine TSH concentrations were positively correlated with 17‐β‐estradiol concentrations. No significant differences in thyroid hormones and cTSH concentrations were observed between diestrus during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Conclusions Different stages of estrus can influence the measurement of TT4 in female dogs.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16959caninedogestradiolhormonesprogesteronethyroxine |
| spellingShingle | Paola Scarpa Filippo Tagliasacchi Francesca Iavazzo Michela Beccaglia Adriano Monino Paolo Dri Gianpaolo Milite Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine canine dog estradiol hormones progesterone thyroxine |
| title | Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs |
| title_full | Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs |
| title_short | Relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female German shepherd dogs |
| title_sort | relationship between thyroid function and sex hormones in female german shepherd dogs |
| topic | canine dog estradiol hormones progesterone thyroxine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16959 |
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