The effect of different cigarette smoking levels on gingival crevicular fluid volume and periodontal clinical parameters in Saudi Arabia
Introduction: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the periodontium. It is the main cause of tooth loss and is considered one of the biggest threats to the oral cavity. Tobacco smoking has long been associated with increased risk for periodontal, peri-implant, and other medical...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Saudi Dental Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S101390522300072X |