Classical nucleation theory of immersion freezing: sensitivity of contact angle schemes to thermodynamic and kinetic parameters

Heterogeneous ice formation by immersion freezing in mixed-phase clouds can be parameterized in general circulation models (GCMs) by classical nucleation theory (CNT). CNT parameterization schemes describe immersion freezing as a stochastic process, including the properties of insoluble aerosol part...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: L. Ickes, A. Welti, U. Lohmann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2017-02-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/1713/2017/acp-17-1713-2017.pdf