| Summary: | Abstract Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the gynaecological disorder with the poorest prognosis due to the fast development of chemoresistance. We sought to connect chemoresistance and cancer cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV). The mechanisms of how chemoresistance is sustained by EV remained elusive. One potentially contributing factor is A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)—itself being able to promote chemoresistance and inducing tumour cell proliferation and survival via the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway by shedding several of its ligands including Amphiregulin (AREG). We now demonstrate that upon chemotherapeutic treatment, proteolytically active ADAM17 is released in association with EV from OvCa cells. In terms of function, we show that patient‐derived EV induce AREG shedding and restore chemoresistance in ADAM17‐deficient cells. Confirming that ADAM17‐containing EV transmit chemoresistance in OvCa, we propose that ADAM17 levels (also on EV) might serve as an indicator for tumour progression and the chemosensitivity status of a given patient.
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