Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice
Intake of whole grain foods is associated with improving metabolic profile compared to refined grain products, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study examined the effects of brown rice (BRR) or germinated brown rice (GBR) supplementation on fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCF...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2629 |
| _version_ | 1797458329269698560 |
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| author | Ruozhi Zhao Janice Fajardo Garry X. Shen |
| author_facet | Ruozhi Zhao Janice Fajardo Garry X. Shen |
| author_sort | Ruozhi Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intake of whole grain foods is associated with improving metabolic profile compared to refined grain products, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study examined the effects of brown rice (BRR) or germinated brown rice (GBR) supplementation on fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and relationship with gut microbiota, metabolism and inflammation in high fat (HF)-diet-fed mice. The results demonstrated that an HF diet supplemented with BRR or GBR comparably increased the abundance of fecal isobutyric acid compared to that in mice receiving HF+white rice (WHR) diet (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The abundance of valeric acid in HF+GBR-diet-fed mice was higher than those receiving HF+WHR diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The abundances of fecal isobutyric acid negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibit-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The abundance of valeric acids negatively correlated with insulin resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The abundances of isobutyric acid positively correlated with <i>Lactobacillus</i>, but negatively correlated with <i>Dubosiella</i> genus bacteria (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The findings demonstrated that the increases in SCFAs in the feces of BRR and GBR-treated mice were associated with improvements in gut microbiome, metabolic and inflammatory profile, which may contribute to the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of the whole grains in HF-diet-fed mice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:36:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b70891fa46414a48938703b2a8423141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:36:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-b70891fa46414a48938703b2a84231412023-11-24T14:56:43ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-10-011111262910.3390/microorganisms11112629Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant MiceRuozhi Zhao0Janice Fajardo1Garry X. Shen2Departments of Internal Medicine, Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, CanadaDepartments of Internal Medicine, Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, CanadaDepartments of Internal Medicine, Food and Human Nutritional Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, CanadaIntake of whole grain foods is associated with improving metabolic profile compared to refined grain products, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study examined the effects of brown rice (BRR) or germinated brown rice (GBR) supplementation on fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and relationship with gut microbiota, metabolism and inflammation in high fat (HF)-diet-fed mice. The results demonstrated that an HF diet supplemented with BRR or GBR comparably increased the abundance of fecal isobutyric acid compared to that in mice receiving HF+white rice (WHR) diet (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The abundance of valeric acid in HF+GBR-diet-fed mice was higher than those receiving HF+WHR diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The abundances of fecal isobutyric acid negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibit-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The abundance of valeric acids negatively correlated with insulin resistance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The abundances of isobutyric acid positively correlated with <i>Lactobacillus</i>, but negatively correlated with <i>Dubosiella</i> genus bacteria (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The findings demonstrated that the increases in SCFAs in the feces of BRR and GBR-treated mice were associated with improvements in gut microbiome, metabolic and inflammatory profile, which may contribute to the antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of the whole grains in HF-diet-fed mice.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2629germinated brown ricebrown ricehigh fat dietmiceinsulin resistancegut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Ruozhi Zhao Janice Fajardo Garry X. Shen Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice Microorganisms germinated brown rice brown rice high fat diet mice insulin resistance gut microbiota |
| title | Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice |
| title_full | Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice |
| title_short | Influence of Brown or Germinated Brown Rice Supplementation on Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Microbiome in Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice |
| title_sort | influence of brown or germinated brown rice supplementation on fecal short chain fatty acids and microbiome in diet induced insulin resistant mice |
| topic | germinated brown rice brown rice high fat diet mice insulin resistance gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/11/2629 |
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