New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
A new X-ray fluorescence technique is proposed as an alternative to the labor-consuming volumetric method for the estimation of manganese valence state in ferromanganese nodules. The approach is based on the measurement of the relative intensities of some X-ray fluorescence spectrum characteristic s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/10/1329 |
| _version_ | 1797572795245264896 |
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| author | Victor M. Chubarov |
| author_facet | Victor M. Chubarov |
| author_sort | Victor M. Chubarov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A new X-ray fluorescence technique is proposed as an alternative to the labor-consuming volumetric method for the estimation of manganese valence state in ferromanganese nodules. The approach is based on the measurement of the relative intensities of some X-ray fluorescence spectrum characteristic spectral lines and satellites (MnKβ<sub>5</sub> and MnKβ′) preconditioned by electron transfer from the valence shell. Calibration curves were created using manganese oxide samples (MnO, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MnO<sub>2</sub>) and 12 certified reference materials of ferromanganese nodules, cobalt-bearing ferromanganese crusts, and manganese ores with certified (or determined by approved methods) total and tetravalent manganese content. The presence of high iron content was taken into account. A set of oceanic ferromanganese nodules samples collected in the Magellan Seamounts (Pacific Ocean) were analyzed. Differences between the results of the X-ray fluorescence method and volumetric techniques for tetravalent manganese content were 4.9 rel.%, which is comparable with the accuracy of the volumetric technique (3.6 rel.%). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7b2017573f54b80953a199a3ace382a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7b2017573f54b80953a199a3ace382a2023-11-19T17:30:54ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-10-011310132910.3390/min13101329New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryVictor M. Chubarov0Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky St. 1A, 664033 Irkutsk, RussiaA new X-ray fluorescence technique is proposed as an alternative to the labor-consuming volumetric method for the estimation of manganese valence state in ferromanganese nodules. The approach is based on the measurement of the relative intensities of some X-ray fluorescence spectrum characteristic spectral lines and satellites (MnKβ<sub>5</sub> and MnKβ′) preconditioned by electron transfer from the valence shell. Calibration curves were created using manganese oxide samples (MnO, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MnO<sub>2</sub>) and 12 certified reference materials of ferromanganese nodules, cobalt-bearing ferromanganese crusts, and manganese ores with certified (or determined by approved methods) total and tetravalent manganese content. The presence of high iron content was taken into account. A set of oceanic ferromanganese nodules samples collected in the Magellan Seamounts (Pacific Ocean) were analyzed. Differences between the results of the X-ray fluorescence method and volumetric techniques for tetravalent manganese content were 4.9 rel.%, which is comparable with the accuracy of the volumetric technique (3.6 rel.%).https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/10/1329wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescencemanganese valence stateferromanganese nodules |
| spellingShingle | Victor M. Chubarov New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Minerals wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence manganese valence state ferromanganese nodules |
| title | New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry |
| title_full | New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry |
| title_short | New Approach for Direct Determination of Manganese Valence State in Ferromanganese Nodules by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry |
| title_sort | new approach for direct determination of manganese valence state in ferromanganese nodules by x ray fluorescence spectrometry |
| topic | wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence manganese valence state ferromanganese nodules |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/10/1329 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT victormchubarov newapproachfordirectdeterminationofmanganesevalencestateinferromanganesenodulesbyxrayfluorescencespectrometry |