| Итог: | The article proves that there is an urgent need to determine the key performance indicators
of the company and to improve the methods of determining capitalization and profitability, for
which accounting data is insufficient, because it ignores the costs of capital obtaining, the impact
of changes in accounting policies, and the possibility of data manipulation. It was determined
that in countries with a developed stock market, the performance of public companies is most
often predicted through their share prices, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE),
earnings per share (EPS), return on invested capital (ROIC), return on investment (ROI),
Economic Value Added (EVA), Economic Value Added Momentum (EVAM). It was found
that Ukraine is a unique example of the disappearance in recent years of a stock market created
from scratch in the 1990s; the causes of the problems hindering the development of the stock
market of Ukraine are outlined.
The essence and purpose of EVA, EPS, P/E indicators are considered in order to propose
ways of their modification or replacement in the absence of a stock market. It has been proven
that the market capitalization indicator cannot be used for non-joint-stock companies; and
the main problem of determining EVA for a non-joint-stock company or in the absence of a
stock market is determining the value of equity capital. Under such conditions, it is proposed
to choose one of the classic approaches to the assessment of the value of capital - expense
(Method of net assets, Method of probability of liquidation), income (Method of discounted
dividends, Method of discounted cash flows), market (Method of multipliers, Method of
deals, Method of industry ratios). It is also suggested to choose the Net Present Value (NPV)
indicator for strategic management, because NPV maximization, even with negative EVA
values, is sometimes a higher priority task than EVA maximization. But using NPV has the
same problem as EVA using, it is choosing a discount rate. Various methods of calculating
the value of equity capital are proposed: the capital asset valuation model (CARM); subjective
assessment: interest on long-term government bonds or deposits; average profitability in the
industry. Earnings per share (EPS) can be replaced by return on equity and even return on
equity. With the ratio of the market value of the share to the net earnings per share (P/E), it is
much more difficult, because the calculation of the market value under such conditions is not
available.
It is noted that the types of enterprises, which are usually public and private, differ.
For example, despite being small in their early stages, technology firms typically go public.
Smaller companies tend to experience a greater negative impact from higher interest rates and
inflation.
It is concluded that all indicators should be treated with skepticism and used only as
tools, not as drivers, and other factors should also be taken into account during the holistic
assessment of investments: dividends, projected future profits, corporate culture, social
responsibility of the company.
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