Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles
Spinach and other leafy green vegetables have been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> around the globe. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of surfactant micelles formed from the a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/11/575 |
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| author | Songsirin Ruengvisesh Chris R. Kerth T. Matthew Taylor |
| author_facet | Songsirin Ruengvisesh Chris R. Kerth T. Matthew Taylor |
| author_sort | Songsirin Ruengvisesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spinach and other leafy green vegetables have been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> around the globe. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of surfactant micelles formed from the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), SDS micelle-loaded eugenol (1.0% eugenol), 1.0% free eugenol, 200 ppm free chlorine, and sterile water were tested against the human pathogens <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella</i> Saintpaul, and naturally occurring microorganisms, on spinach leaf surfaces during storage at 5 °C over 10 days. Spinach samples were immersed in antimicrobial treatment solution for 2.0 min at 25 °C, after which treatment solutions were drained off and samples were either subjected to analysis or prepared for refrigerated storage. Whereas empty SDS micelles produced moderate reductions in counts of both pathogens (2.1−3.2 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>), free and micelle-entrapped eugenol treatments reduced pathogens by >5.0 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> to below the limit of detection (<0.5 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>). Micelle-loaded eugenol produced the greatest numerical reductions in naturally contaminating aerobic bacteria, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, and fungi, though these reductions did not differ statistically from reductions achieved by un-encapsulated eugenol and 200 ppm chlorine. Micelles-loaded eugenol could be used as a novel antimicrobial technology to decontaminate fresh spinach from microbial pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:39:56Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b9ee56dc6bd34c12aeaeed4e833c02f7 |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:39:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-b9ee56dc6bd34c12aeaeed4e833c02f72022-12-22T00:53:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582019-11-0181157510.3390/foods8110575foods8110575Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant MicellesSongsirin Ruengvisesh0Chris R. Kerth1T. Matthew Taylor2Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USADepartment of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USADepartment of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USASpinach and other leafy green vegetables have been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella</i> <i>enterica</i> around the globe. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of surfactant micelles formed from the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), SDS micelle-loaded eugenol (1.0% eugenol), 1.0% free eugenol, 200 ppm free chlorine, and sterile water were tested against the human pathogens <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella</i> Saintpaul, and naturally occurring microorganisms, on spinach leaf surfaces during storage at 5 °C over 10 days. Spinach samples were immersed in antimicrobial treatment solution for 2.0 min at 25 °C, after which treatment solutions were drained off and samples were either subjected to analysis or prepared for refrigerated storage. Whereas empty SDS micelles produced moderate reductions in counts of both pathogens (2.1−3.2 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>), free and micelle-entrapped eugenol treatments reduced pathogens by >5.0 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> to below the limit of detection (<0.5 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>). Micelle-loaded eugenol produced the greatest numerical reductions in naturally contaminating aerobic bacteria, <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, and fungi, though these reductions did not differ statistically from reductions achieved by un-encapsulated eugenol and 200 ppm chlorine. Micelles-loaded eugenol could be used as a novel antimicrobial technology to decontaminate fresh spinach from microbial pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/11/575micellesplant-derived antimicrobialenteric pathogensleafy greens |
| spellingShingle | Songsirin Ruengvisesh Chris R. Kerth T. Matthew Taylor Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles Foods micelles plant-derived antimicrobial enteric pathogens leafy greens |
| title | Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles |
| title_full | Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles |
| title_fullStr | Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles |
| title_short | Inhibition of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 and <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Isolates on Spinach Leaf Surfaces Using Eugenol-Loaded Surfactant Micelles |
| title_sort | inhibition of i escherichia coli i o157 h7 and i salmonella enterica i isolates on spinach leaf surfaces using eugenol loaded surfactant micelles |
| topic | micelles plant-derived antimicrobial enteric pathogens leafy greens |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/11/575 |
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