Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822)
Humic substances (HS) are often used as feesd additives in livestock feeding. The long-term effects of different concentrations of HS additives in aquafeed on growth and production performance, antioxidant status, stress resistance, gut microbiome, overall health condition, final product yield, sens...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| author | Milena Bušová Lenka Kouřimská Marek Doležal Vojtech Ilko Diomid Revenco Mahyar Zare Jan Matoušek Ilario Ferrocino Irene Franciosa Petr Smejkal Matěj Přeslička Markéta Prokešová |
| author_facet | Milena Bušová Lenka Kouřimská Marek Doležal Vojtech Ilko Diomid Revenco Mahyar Zare Jan Matoušek Ilario Ferrocino Irene Franciosa Petr Smejkal Matěj Přeslička Markéta Prokešová |
| author_sort | Milena Bušová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Humic substances (HS) are often used as feesd additives in livestock feeding. The long-term effects of different concentrations of HS additives in aquafeed on growth and production performance, antioxidant status, stress resistance, gut microbiome, overall health condition, final product yield, sensory properties of fresh and cooked meat, and composition of fatty acids of market size in African catfish <i>(Clarias gariepinus</i>) originating from aquaculture were compared in this study. <i>C. gariepinus</i> were exposed to dietary inclusions of HS (0, 1, and 3, and 6% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) in a long-term experiment (six months in total) until fish reached market size. The growth parameters, condition factor, and selected somatic indices did not differ (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between the tested groups (HS0–HS6). Biochemical parameters were not different between the tested HS groups by the end of experiment, and only glucose (GLC) levels significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of HS fed as an additive. The levels of cortisol (COR) and GLC did not differ between the tested groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05) after the stress challenge, but the results of GLC levels before and after the stress challenge showed an increasing tendency with increasing levels of HS addition in the diet. The levels of COR were slightly lower in groups HS3 and HS6 than in HS1 and the control group. In the case of protein and fat contents, differences between groups (HS0–HS6) were statistically insignificant. Significant differences were found, however, in water and ash content. In some cases, statistically significant differences were found in fatty acid profiles and in nutritional indices assessing fatty acids between samples. Sensory characteristics of fresh fillets did not differ between the tested groups HS0–HS6. The total content of polyphenols increased depending on the addition of humates. The main gut microbiota of samples analyzed (HS0–HS3 group) comprised the following three genera: <i>Ralstonia</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Cetobacterium</i>; other genera were present in all samples at a low relative abundance: <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, and <i>Anaerobacillus</i>. The relative abundance of <i>Pseudomonas</i> decreased while the presence of <i>Cetobacterium</i> increased in samples fed with 3% of HS. The results of our study yielded a comprehensive set of experimental results about African catfish fed with HS as additives. Although a significant effect of HS on overall performance of <i>C. gariepinus</i> was not proven, a positive effect on antioxidant status was seen as well as a decrease in gut microorganisms that can be present as pathogenic contaminants in aquatic environments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:05:47Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:05:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ba9e9e6409294e629e351882a6944f252023-11-19T09:22:24ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-09-0113181005810.3390/app131810058Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822)Milena Bušová0Lenka Kouřimská1Marek Doležal2Vojtech Ilko3Diomid Revenco4Mahyar Zare5Jan Matoušek6Ilario Ferrocino7Irene Franciosa8Petr Smejkal9Matěj Přeslička10Markéta Prokešová11Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech RepublicFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicDISAFA—Microbiology and Food Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, ItalyDISAFA—Microbiology and Food Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, ItalyInstitute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech RepublicReConsulting ČR, a.s., 360 01 Sadov, Czech RepublicFaculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech RepublicHumic substances (HS) are often used as feesd additives in livestock feeding. The long-term effects of different concentrations of HS additives in aquafeed on growth and production performance, antioxidant status, stress resistance, gut microbiome, overall health condition, final product yield, sensory properties of fresh and cooked meat, and composition of fatty acids of market size in African catfish <i>(Clarias gariepinus</i>) originating from aquaculture were compared in this study. <i>C. gariepinus</i> were exposed to dietary inclusions of HS (0, 1, and 3, and 6% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) in a long-term experiment (six months in total) until fish reached market size. The growth parameters, condition factor, and selected somatic indices did not differ (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between the tested groups (HS0–HS6). Biochemical parameters were not different between the tested HS groups by the end of experiment, and only glucose (GLC) levels significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with increasing concentrations of HS fed as an additive. The levels of cortisol (COR) and GLC did not differ between the tested groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05) after the stress challenge, but the results of GLC levels before and after the stress challenge showed an increasing tendency with increasing levels of HS addition in the diet. The levels of COR were slightly lower in groups HS3 and HS6 than in HS1 and the control group. In the case of protein and fat contents, differences between groups (HS0–HS6) were statistically insignificant. Significant differences were found, however, in water and ash content. In some cases, statistically significant differences were found in fatty acid profiles and in nutritional indices assessing fatty acids between samples. Sensory characteristics of fresh fillets did not differ between the tested groups HS0–HS6. The total content of polyphenols increased depending on the addition of humates. The main gut microbiota of samples analyzed (HS0–HS3 group) comprised the following three genera: <i>Ralstonia</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Cetobacterium</i>; other genera were present in all samples at a low relative abundance: <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, and <i>Anaerobacillus</i>. The relative abundance of <i>Pseudomonas</i> decreased while the presence of <i>Cetobacterium</i> increased in samples fed with 3% of HS. The results of our study yielded a comprehensive set of experimental results about African catfish fed with HS as additives. Although a significant effect of HS on overall performance of <i>C. gariepinus</i> was not proven, a positive effect on antioxidant status was seen as well as a decrease in gut microorganisms that can be present as pathogenic contaminants in aquatic environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/18/10058humic substanceshealth effectantioxidant statusmicrobiomesensory analysis |
| spellingShingle | Milena Bušová Lenka Kouřimská Marek Doležal Vojtech Ilko Diomid Revenco Mahyar Zare Jan Matoušek Ilario Ferrocino Irene Franciosa Petr Smejkal Matěj Přeslička Markéta Prokešová Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822) Applied Sciences humic substances health effect antioxidant status microbiome sensory analysis |
| title | Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822) |
| title_full | Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822) |
| title_fullStr | Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822) |
| title_short | Fatty Acid Profile, Atherogenic and Thrombogenic Indices, and Meat Quality as the Effect of Feed Additive in African Catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822) |
| title_sort | fatty acid profile atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and meat quality as the effect of feed additive in african catfish i clarias gariepinus i burchell 1822 |
| topic | humic substances health effect antioxidant status microbiome sensory analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/18/10058 |
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