The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance
The spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena applied to Quantum Finance considers that the martingale state in the stock market corresponds to a ground (vacuum) state if we express the financial equations in the Hamiltonian form. The original analysis for this phenomena completely ignores the kinetic...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/21/2777 |
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| author | Ivan Arraut João Alexandre Lobo Marques Sergio Gomes |
| author_facet | Ivan Arraut João Alexandre Lobo Marques Sergio Gomes |
| author_sort | Ivan Arraut |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena applied to Quantum Finance considers that the martingale state in the stock market corresponds to a ground (vacuum) state if we express the financial equations in the Hamiltonian form. The original analysis for this phenomena completely ignores the kinetic terms in the neighborhood of the minimal of the potential terms. This is correct in most of the cases. However, when we deal with the martingale condition, it comes out that the kinetic terms can also behave as potential terms and then reproduce a shift on the effective location of the vacuum (martingale). In this paper, we analyze the effective symmetry breaking patterns and the connected vacuum degeneracy for these special circumstances. Within the same scenario, we analyze the connection between the flow of information and the multiplicity of martingale states, providing in this way powerful tools for analyzing the dynamic of the stock markets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:57:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bb62b69a9a7d45ba9fb7ce85eff42077 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:57:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-bb62b69a9a7d45ba9fb7ce85eff420772023-11-22T21:18:42ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902021-11-01921277710.3390/math9212777The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum FinanceIvan Arraut0João Alexandre Lobo Marques1Sergio Gomes2Lee Shau Kee School of Business and Administration, The Open University of Hong Kong, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Homantin, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaFBL, University of Saint Joseph Estrada Marginal da Ilha Verde, 14-17, Macao, ChinaFBL, University of Saint Joseph Estrada Marginal da Ilha Verde, 14-17, Macao, ChinaThe spontaneous symmetry breaking phenomena applied to Quantum Finance considers that the martingale state in the stock market corresponds to a ground (vacuum) state if we express the financial equations in the Hamiltonian form. The original analysis for this phenomena completely ignores the kinetic terms in the neighborhood of the minimal of the potential terms. This is correct in most of the cases. However, when we deal with the martingale condition, it comes out that the kinetic terms can also behave as potential terms and then reproduce a shift on the effective location of the vacuum (martingale). In this paper, we analyze the effective symmetry breaking patterns and the connected vacuum degeneracy for these special circumstances. Within the same scenario, we analyze the connection between the flow of information and the multiplicity of martingale states, providing in this way powerful tools for analyzing the dynamic of the stock markets.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/21/2777martingale conditionvacuum conditionspontaneous symmetry breakingdegenerate vacuumflow of informationHermiticity |
| spellingShingle | Ivan Arraut João Alexandre Lobo Marques Sergio Gomes The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance Mathematics martingale condition vacuum condition spontaneous symmetry breaking degenerate vacuum flow of information Hermiticity |
| title | The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance |
| title_full | The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance |
| title_fullStr | The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance |
| title_short | The Probability Flow in the Stock Market and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Quantum Finance |
| title_sort | probability flow in the stock market and spontaneous symmetry breaking in quantum finance |
| topic | martingale condition vacuum condition spontaneous symmetry breaking degenerate vacuum flow of information Hermiticity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/21/2777 |
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