The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy

As immunotherapy has gained increasing interest as a new foundation for cancer therapy, some atypical response patterns, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, have garnered the attention of physicians. Pseudoprogression is a phenomenon in which an initial increase in tumor size is observed...

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Main Authors: Wenxiao Jia, Qianqian Gao, Anqin Han, Hui Zhu, Jinming Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: China Anti-Cancer Association 2019-12-01
Series:Cancer Biology & Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/1502
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author Wenxiao Jia
Qianqian Gao
Anqin Han
Hui Zhu
Jinming Yu
author_facet Wenxiao Jia
Qianqian Gao
Anqin Han
Hui Zhu
Jinming Yu
author_sort Wenxiao Jia
collection DOAJ
description As immunotherapy has gained increasing interest as a new foundation for cancer therapy, some atypical response patterns, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, have garnered the attention of physicians. Pseudoprogression is a phenomenon in which an initial increase in tumor size is observed or new lesions appear, followed by a decrease in tumor burden; this phenomenon can benefit patients receiving immunotherapy but often leads to premature discontinuation of treatment owing to the false judgment of progression. Accurately recognizing pseudoprogression is also a challenge for physicians. Because of the extensive attention on pseudoprogression, significant progress has been made. Some new criteria for immunotherapy, such as irRC, iRECIST and imRECIST, were proposed to accurately evaluate the response to immunotherapy. Many new detection indexes, such as ctDNA and IL-8, have also been used to identify pseudoprogression. In this review, the definition, evaluation criteria, mechanism, monitoring, management and prognosis of pseudoprogression are summarized, and diagnostic and treatment processes for patients with progression but with a suspicion of pseudoprogression are proposed; these processes could be helpful for physicians in clinical practice and enhances the understanding of pseudoprogression.
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spelling doaj.art-bc8933a00caa4a7c9885a1eeee041a7d2022-12-21T19:46:45ZengChina Anti-Cancer AssociationCancer Biology & Medicine2095-39412095-39412019-12-0116465567010.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0144CBM-2019-0144The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapyWenxiao Jia0Qianqian Gao1Anqin Han2Hui Zhu3Jinming Yu4Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250012, ChinaAs immunotherapy has gained increasing interest as a new foundation for cancer therapy, some atypical response patterns, such as pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, have garnered the attention of physicians. Pseudoprogression is a phenomenon in which an initial increase in tumor size is observed or new lesions appear, followed by a decrease in tumor burden; this phenomenon can benefit patients receiving immunotherapy but often leads to premature discontinuation of treatment owing to the false judgment of progression. Accurately recognizing pseudoprogression is also a challenge for physicians. Because of the extensive attention on pseudoprogression, significant progress has been made. Some new criteria for immunotherapy, such as irRC, iRECIST and imRECIST, were proposed to accurately evaluate the response to immunotherapy. Many new detection indexes, such as ctDNA and IL-8, have also been used to identify pseudoprogression. In this review, the definition, evaluation criteria, mechanism, monitoring, management and prognosis of pseudoprogression are summarized, and diagnostic and treatment processes for patients with progression but with a suspicion of pseudoprogression are proposed; these processes could be helpful for physicians in clinical practice and enhances the understanding of pseudoprogression.http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/1502cancerimmunotherapypseudoprogressionrecistctdnail-8
spellingShingle Wenxiao Jia
Qianqian Gao
Anqin Han
Hui Zhu
Jinming Yu
The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy
Cancer Biology & Medicine
cancer
immunotherapy
pseudoprogression
recist
ctdna
il-8
title The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy
title_full The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy
title_fullStr The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy
title_short The potential mechanism, recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy
title_sort potential mechanism recognition and clinical significance of tumor pseudoprogression after immunotherapy
topic cancer
immunotherapy
pseudoprogression
recist
ctdna
il-8
url http://www.cancerbiomed.org/index.php/cocr/article/view/1502
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