ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT
Ground-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments us...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/228 |
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| author | Jing Chen Jutao Yang Qingliang Li Yubo Yan Shuji Hao Cheng Wang Jian Wu Bin Xu Tong Xu Haiqin Che Linglei He |
| author_facet | Jing Chen Jutao Yang Qingliang Li Yubo Yan Shuji Hao Cheng Wang Jian Wu Bin Xu Tong Xu Haiqin Che Linglei He |
| author_sort | Jing Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ground-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments using amplitude and beat-wave (BW) modulations were conducted on 21 November 2019. Experimental results were analyzed from multiple perspectives based on data from Dynasonde, a magnetometer, stimulated electromagnetic emissions, an ELF/VLF signal receiver, and ultra-high-frequency radar. The strongest excited ELF/VLF signals in previous BW modulation heating experiments were around 8–12 kHz; however, in this experiment, no signal excited in this frequency range was observed, and the signal with the highest signal/noise ratio was at the frequency of 3517 Hz, which will aid in understanding the best communication frequency under different ionospheric backgrounds. It is well-accepted that the electron temperature changes periodically with the modulation frequency. However, we noted that the electron temperature had insufficient cooling during the O-mode modulated heating process and then increased again, resulting in a continuous electron temperature increase. We found that this was related to the change in ion composition after analyzing ion-line spectra, which will be helpful in studying the effect of modulation heating on the ionosphere background. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:39:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcb29efd4c784f57a366656563b030b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:39:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcb29efd4c784f57a366656563b030b92023-11-23T18:44:15ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-01-0113222810.3390/atmos13020228ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCATJing Chen0Jutao Yang1Qingliang Li2Yubo Yan3Shuji Hao4Cheng Wang5Jian Wu6Bin Xu7Tong Xu8Haiqin Che9Linglei He10National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaQian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, ChinaGround-based high-frequency modulated waves can periodically heat the ionosphere and create “virtual antennas”, which can radiate extremely low frequency (ELF, 0.3–3 kHz) or very low frequency (VLF, 3–30 kHz) waves for long-distance communication. Ionospheric X-mode and O-mode heating experiments using amplitude and beat-wave (BW) modulations were conducted on 21 November 2019. Experimental results were analyzed from multiple perspectives based on data from Dynasonde, a magnetometer, stimulated electromagnetic emissions, an ELF/VLF signal receiver, and ultra-high-frequency radar. The strongest excited ELF/VLF signals in previous BW modulation heating experiments were around 8–12 kHz; however, in this experiment, no signal excited in this frequency range was observed, and the signal with the highest signal/noise ratio was at the frequency of 3517 Hz, which will aid in understanding the best communication frequency under different ionospheric backgrounds. It is well-accepted that the electron temperature changes periodically with the modulation frequency. However, we noted that the electron temperature had insufficient cooling during the O-mode modulated heating process and then increased again, resulting in a continuous electron temperature increase. We found that this was related to the change in ion composition after analyzing ion-line spectra, which will be helpful in studying the effect of modulation heating on the ionosphere background.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/228ionospheric modulation heatingELF/VLF wavesionospheric electron temperatureamplitude modulationbeat-wave mode |
| spellingShingle | Jing Chen Jutao Yang Qingliang Li Yubo Yan Shuji Hao Cheng Wang Jian Wu Bin Xu Tong Xu Haiqin Che Linglei He ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT Atmosphere ionospheric modulation heating ELF/VLF waves ionospheric electron temperature amplitude modulation beat-wave mode |
| title | ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
| title_full | ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
| title_fullStr | ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
| title_full_unstemmed | ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
| title_short | ELF/VLF Wave Radiation Experiment by Modulated Ionospheric Heating Based on Multi-Source Observations at EISCAT |
| title_sort | elf vlf wave radiation experiment by modulated ionospheric heating based on multi source observations at eiscat |
| topic | ionospheric modulation heating ELF/VLF waves ionospheric electron temperature amplitude modulation beat-wave mode |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/2/228 |
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