Multistressor global change drivers reduce hatch and viability of Lingcod embryos, a benthic egg layer in the California Current System

Abstract Early life history stages of marine fishes are often more susceptible to environmental stressors than adult stages. This vulnerability is likely exacerbated for species that lay benthic egg masses bound to substrate because the embryos cannot evade locally unfavorable environmental conditio...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ellen Willis-Norton, Mark H. Carr, Elliott L. Hazen, Kristy J. Kroeker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2022-12-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25553-z