Antiviral efficacy against and replicative fitness of an XBB.1.9.1 clinical isolate

Antiviral efficacy against and replicative fitness of an XBB.1.9.1 clinical isolate

Summary: The emergence and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the spike protein, such as the XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.9.1 sublineages, raise concerns about the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, none of the mAbs we tested neut...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ryuta Uraki, Mutsumi Ito, Maki Kiso, Seiya Yamayoshi, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Masaki Imai, Michiko Koga, Shinya Yamamoto, Eisuke Adachi, Makoto Saito, Takeya Tsutsumi, Amato Otani, Shuetsu Fukushi, Shinji Watanabe, Tadaki Suzuki, Tetsuhiro Kikuchi, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Ken Maeda, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-11-01
Series:iScience
Subjects:
Virology
Clinical microbiology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004223022241
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Summary:Summary: The emergence and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the spike protein, such as the XBB.1.5 and XBB.1.9.1 sublineages, raise concerns about the efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, none of the mAbs we tested neutralized XBB.1.9.1 or XBB.1.5, even at the highest concentration used. We also found that the bivalent mRNA vaccine could enhance humoral immunity against XBB.1.9.1, but that XBB.1.9.1 and XBB.1.5 still evaded humoral immunity induced by vaccination or infection. Moreover, the susceptibility of XBB.1.9.1 to remdesivir, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and ensitrelvir was similar to that of the ancestral strain and the XBB.1.5 isolate in vitro. Finally, we found the replicative fitness of XBB.1.9.1 to be similar to that of XBB.1.5 in hamsters. Our results suggest that XBB.1.9.1 and XBB.1.5 have similar antigenicity and replicative ability, and that the currently available COVID-19 antivirals remain effective against XBB.1.9.1.
ISSN:2589-0042

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