Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats
BackgroundCognition and brain function is critical through childhood and should be improved with balanced diets. Incorporating bioactive ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and probiotics into food formulations could be used as an approach to improve cognitive function...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1023653/full |
| _version_ | 1797988225640300544 |
|---|---|
| author | Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán Luis Octavio Aguirre-López Jacinto Bañuelos-Pineda Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar Arlette Santacruz Carmen Hernández-Brenes Carmen Hernández-Brenes Esther Pérez-Carrillo Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez |
| author_facet | Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán Luis Octavio Aguirre-López Jacinto Bañuelos-Pineda Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar Arlette Santacruz Carmen Hernández-Brenes Carmen Hernández-Brenes Esther Pérez-Carrillo Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez |
| author_sort | Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundCognition and brain function is critical through childhood and should be improved with balanced diets. Incorporating bioactive ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and probiotics into food formulations could be used as an approach to improve cognitive function. This study evaluated the effects on cognitive capacity of complementing rodent diets with chocolate, by itself and in combination with ω3 PUFAs from fish oil and probiotics.MethodsSpatial learning and memory in the rats were determined by the Barnes maze test in short- and long-term memory. Samples from the cecum were obtained to assess microbial counts (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, and total bacteria), and brains were recovered to analyze the neural morphology of the tissues. Also, glucose, brain weights, and epididymal tissue were analyzed.ResultsThe combination of chocolate with fish oil and probiotics improved the memory of rats compared to the result of each bioactive compound when evaluated separately. Treatments did not affect sugar level, epididymal adipose tissue, or brain weight. On the other hand, consuming probiotics alone or in combination with chocolate decreased Enterobacteria counts, while Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria counts were not affected. Neural morphological analysis showed that combining chocolate with probiotics and ω3 PUFAs increased the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions.ConclusionChocolate added with probiotics and ω3 PUFAs improved spatial memory and learning in the studied model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:00:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bcfcea3854b143bfa3e64688871cb5e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:00:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-bcfcea3854b143bfa3e64688871cb5e92022-12-22T04:35:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2022-11-01910.3389/fnut.2022.10236531023653Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar ratsPaulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán0Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán1Luis Octavio Aguirre-López2Jacinto Bañuelos-Pineda3Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar4Arlette Santacruz5Carmen Hernández-Brenes6Carmen Hernández-Brenes7Esther Pérez-Carrillo8Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez9Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez10Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Zapopan, Jal, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, MexicoLaboratorio de Morfofisiología, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, MexicoLaboratorio de Morfofisiología, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Zapopan, Jal, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Zapopan, Jal, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Zapopan, MexicoBackgroundCognition and brain function is critical through childhood and should be improved with balanced diets. Incorporating bioactive ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and probiotics into food formulations could be used as an approach to improve cognitive function. This study evaluated the effects on cognitive capacity of complementing rodent diets with chocolate, by itself and in combination with ω3 PUFAs from fish oil and probiotics.MethodsSpatial learning and memory in the rats were determined by the Barnes maze test in short- and long-term memory. Samples from the cecum were obtained to assess microbial counts (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacteriaceae, and total bacteria), and brains were recovered to analyze the neural morphology of the tissues. Also, glucose, brain weights, and epididymal tissue were analyzed.ResultsThe combination of chocolate with fish oil and probiotics improved the memory of rats compared to the result of each bioactive compound when evaluated separately. Treatments did not affect sugar level, epididymal adipose tissue, or brain weight. On the other hand, consuming probiotics alone or in combination with chocolate decreased Enterobacteria counts, while Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria counts were not affected. Neural morphological analysis showed that combining chocolate with probiotics and ω3 PUFAs increased the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions.ConclusionChocolate added with probiotics and ω3 PUFAs improved spatial memory and learning in the studied model.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1023653/fullspatial learning and memorycognitive capacitymilk chocolateomega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acidsBarnes maze testgut-brain axis |
| spellingShingle | Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán Paulinna Faccinetto-Beltrán Luis Octavio Aguirre-López Jacinto Bañuelos-Pineda Edwin E. Reza-Zaldívar Arlette Santacruz Carmen Hernández-Brenes Carmen Hernández-Brenes Esther Pérez-Carrillo Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats Frontiers in Nutrition spatial learning and memory cognitive capacity milk chocolate omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Barnes maze test gut-brain axis |
| title | Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats |
| title_full | Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats |
| title_fullStr | Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats |
| title_short | Fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male Wistar rats |
| title_sort | fish oil and probiotics supplementation through milk chocolate improves spatial learning and memory in male wistar rats |
| topic | spatial learning and memory cognitive capacity milk chocolate omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Barnes maze test gut-brain axis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1023653/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT paulinnafaccinettobeltran fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT paulinnafaccinettobeltran fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT luisoctavioaguirrelopez fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT jacintobanuelospineda fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT edwinerezazaldivar fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT arlettesantacruz fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT carmenhernandezbrenes fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT carmenhernandezbrenes fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT estherperezcarrillo fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT danielajacobovelazquez fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats AT danielajacobovelazquez fishoilandprobioticssupplementationthroughmilkchocolateimprovesspatiallearningandmemoryinmalewistarrats |