Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) presumably transmit human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) between endothelial cells in blood vessels and thereby facilitate spread to peripheral organs. We aimed to identify viral components that contribute to PMN-mediated transmission and test the hypothesis that cellular...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1561 |
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| author | Berenike Braun Kerstin Laib Sampaio Anna K. Kuderna Miriam Widmann Christian Sinzger |
| author_facet | Berenike Braun Kerstin Laib Sampaio Anna K. Kuderna Miriam Widmann Christian Sinzger |
| author_sort | Berenike Braun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) presumably transmit human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) between endothelial cells in blood vessels and thereby facilitate spread to peripheral organs. We aimed to identify viral components that contribute to PMN-mediated transmission and test the hypothesis that cellular adhesion molecules shield transmission sites from entry inhibitors. Stop codons were introduced into the genome of HCMV strain Merlin to delete pUL74 of the trimeric and pUL128 of the pentameric glycoprotein complex and the tegument proteins pp65 and pp71. Mutants were analyzed regarding virus uptake by PMNs and transfer of infection to endothelial cells. Cellular adhesion molecules were evaluated for their contribution to virus transmission using function-blocking antibodies, and hits were further analyzed regarding shielding against inhibitors of virus entry. The viral proteins pUL128, pp65, and pp71 were required for efficient PMN-mediated transmission, whereas pUL74 was dispensable. On the cellular side, the blocking of the αLβ2-integrin LFA-1 reduced virus transfer by 50% and allowed entry inhibitors to reduce it further by 30%. In conclusion, these data show that PMN-mediated transmission depends on the pentameric complex and an intact tegument and supports the idea of a virological synapse that promotes this dissemination mode both directly and via immune evasion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:41:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bd466b6668c442ffa827419169209ae0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:41:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-bd466b6668c442ffa827419169209ae02023-12-03T12:24:37ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-07-01147156110.3390/v14071561Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear LeukocytesBerenike Braun0Kerstin Laib Sampaio1Anna K. Kuderna2Miriam Widmann3Christian Sinzger4Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyInstitute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, GermanyPolymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) presumably transmit human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) between endothelial cells in blood vessels and thereby facilitate spread to peripheral organs. We aimed to identify viral components that contribute to PMN-mediated transmission and test the hypothesis that cellular adhesion molecules shield transmission sites from entry inhibitors. Stop codons were introduced into the genome of HCMV strain Merlin to delete pUL74 of the trimeric and pUL128 of the pentameric glycoprotein complex and the tegument proteins pp65 and pp71. Mutants were analyzed regarding virus uptake by PMNs and transfer of infection to endothelial cells. Cellular adhesion molecules were evaluated for their contribution to virus transmission using function-blocking antibodies, and hits were further analyzed regarding shielding against inhibitors of virus entry. The viral proteins pUL128, pp65, and pp71 were required for efficient PMN-mediated transmission, whereas pUL74 was dispensable. On the cellular side, the blocking of the αLβ2-integrin LFA-1 reduced virus transfer by 50% and allowed entry inhibitors to reduce it further by 30%. In conclusion, these data show that PMN-mediated transmission depends on the pentameric complex and an intact tegument and supports the idea of a virological synapse that promotes this dissemination mode both directly and via immune evasion.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1561human cytomegalovirusclinical isolateshematogenous disseminationherpesvirus entryentry inhibitors |
| spellingShingle | Berenike Braun Kerstin Laib Sampaio Anna K. Kuderna Miriam Widmann Christian Sinzger Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Viruses human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates hematogenous dissemination herpesvirus entry entry inhibitors |
| title | Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes |
| title_full | Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes |
| title_fullStr | Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes |
| title_short | Viral and Cellular Factors Contributing to the Hematogenous Dissemination of Human Cytomegalovirus via Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes |
| title_sort | viral and cellular factors contributing to the hematogenous dissemination of human cytomegalovirus via polymorphonuclear leukocytes |
| topic | human cytomegalovirus clinical isolates hematogenous dissemination herpesvirus entry entry inhibitors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/7/1561 |
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