First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East Sea
We investigated the spatio-temporal variations in three key biomolecular compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) in particulate organic matter (POM) in the Yellow Sea (YS), South Sea of Korea (SS), East China Sea (ECS), and East Sea (Sea of Japan; ES) in order to estimate the regional annual...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/13/2489 |
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| author | Hyo-Keun Jang Seok-Hyun Youn Huitae Joo Jae-Joong Kang Jae-Hyung Lee Dabin Lee Naeun Jo Yejin Kim Kwanwoo Kim Myung-Joon Kim Sanghoon Park Jaehong Kim Jaesoon Kim So-Hyun Ahn Sang-Heon Lee |
| author_facet | Hyo-Keun Jang Seok-Hyun Youn Huitae Joo Jae-Joong Kang Jae-Hyung Lee Dabin Lee Naeun Jo Yejin Kim Kwanwoo Kim Myung-Joon Kim Sanghoon Park Jaehong Kim Jaesoon Kim So-Hyun Ahn Sang-Heon Lee |
| author_sort | Hyo-Keun Jang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigated the spatio-temporal variations in three key biomolecular compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) in particulate organic matter (POM) in the Yellow Sea (YS), South Sea of Korea (SS), East China Sea (ECS), and East Sea (Sea of Japan; ES) in order to estimate the regional annual calorie production rates based on the seasonal data obtained in each region. Carbohydrates were found to be most dominant, followed by lipids across all seas. The euphotic-integral calorie contents of POM during the study period were determined as 53.5 ± 12.6 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the YS; 54.2 ± 7.5 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the SS; 35.7 ± 9.2 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the ECS; and 58.7 ± 6.2 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the ES. Utilizing seasonal carbon conversion factors and primary production rates, we estimated the annual calorie productions, which were highest in the ES (1705 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>) and lowest in the ECS (403 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>). This can be attributed to the significantly higher energy efficiency of phytoplankton and faster turnover rate of calorie content. However, caution must be taken when comparing these estimates regionally, considering potential variations in developmental phases among the four regions during the sampling period in 2018. The calorie production rates in this study provide valuable insights into the physiological condition of phytoplankton within specific regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:25:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bdaced1f5b0742d4a79f2c2e89790008 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:25:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-bdaced1f5b0742d4a79f2c2e897900082023-11-18T17:49:03ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-07-011513248910.3390/w15132489First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East SeaHyo-Keun Jang0Seok-Hyun Youn1Huitae Joo2Jae-Joong Kang3Jae-Hyung Lee4Dabin Lee5Naeun Jo6Yejin Kim7Kwanwoo Kim8Myung-Joon Kim9Sanghoon Park10Jaehong Kim11Jaesoon Kim12So-Hyun Ahn13Sang-Heon Lee14Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaOceanic Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaOceanic Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaOceanic Climate and Ecology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of KoreaSouth Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Yeosu 59780, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Ecology and Conservation, Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaHorn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USADepartment of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaWe investigated the spatio-temporal variations in three key biomolecular compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) in particulate organic matter (POM) in the Yellow Sea (YS), South Sea of Korea (SS), East China Sea (ECS), and East Sea (Sea of Japan; ES) in order to estimate the regional annual calorie production rates based on the seasonal data obtained in each region. Carbohydrates were found to be most dominant, followed by lipids across all seas. The euphotic-integral calorie contents of POM during the study period were determined as 53.5 ± 12.6 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the YS; 54.2 ± 7.5 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the SS; 35.7 ± 9.2 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the ECS; and 58.7 ± 6.2 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> in the ES. Utilizing seasonal carbon conversion factors and primary production rates, we estimated the annual calorie productions, which were highest in the ES (1705 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>) and lowest in the ECS (403 Kcal m<sup>−2</sup> y<sup>−1</sup>). This can be attributed to the significantly higher energy efficiency of phytoplankton and faster turnover rate of calorie content. However, caution must be taken when comparing these estimates regionally, considering potential variations in developmental phases among the four regions during the sampling period in 2018. The calorie production rates in this study provide valuable insights into the physiological condition of phytoplankton within specific regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/13/2489phytoplanktoncarbohydratesproteinslipidscalorie production rates |
| spellingShingle | Hyo-Keun Jang Seok-Hyun Youn Huitae Joo Jae-Joong Kang Jae-Hyung Lee Dabin Lee Naeun Jo Yejin Kim Kwanwoo Kim Myung-Joon Kim Sanghoon Park Jaehong Kim Jaesoon Kim So-Hyun Ahn Sang-Heon Lee First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East Sea Water phytoplankton carbohydrates proteins lipids calorie production rates |
| title | First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East Sea |
| title_full | First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East Sea |
| title_fullStr | First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East Sea |
| title_short | First Estimation of the Annual Biosynthetic Calorie Production by Phytoplankton in the Yellow Sea, South Sea of Korea, East China Sea, and East Sea |
| title_sort | first estimation of the annual biosynthetic calorie production by phytoplankton in the yellow sea south sea of korea east china sea and east sea |
| topic | phytoplankton carbohydrates proteins lipids calorie production rates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/13/2489 |
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