Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, lymphocytes and other cell types. Two distinct forms of TNF-α have been identified: soluble TNF-α (sTNF-α) and transmembrane TNF-α (mTNF-α). mTNF-α, which is the precursor of sTNF-α,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01675/full |
| _version_ | 1818562828004491264 |
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| author | Yang Qu Yang Qu Yang Qu Gang Zhao Gang Zhao Gang Zhao Hui Li Hui Li Hui Li |
| author_facet | Yang Qu Yang Qu Yang Qu Gang Zhao Gang Zhao Gang Zhao Hui Li Hui Li Hui Li |
| author_sort | Yang Qu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, lymphocytes and other cell types. Two distinct forms of TNF-α have been identified: soluble TNF-α (sTNF-α) and transmembrane TNF-α (mTNF-α). mTNF-α, which is the precursor of sTNF-α, can be cleaved by the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) and is released as sTNF-α. sTNF-α binds primarily to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and plays an important role in the inflammatory immune response, whereas mTNF-α interacts primarily with TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and mediates the promotion of cellular proliferation and survival and other biological effects. It has been reported that the interaction between mTNF-α and TNFR2 induces bi-directional (forward and reverse) signaling in both mTNF-α- and TNFR2-expressing cells. Increasing evidence shows that the forward and reverse signaling mediated by mTNF-α and TNFR2 might play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, the role of the crosstalk between mTNF-α and TNFR2 in the tumor microenvironment will be discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T01:08:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-beb9a31326484e46a39cfcfc2a8c7753 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T01:08:51Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-beb9a31326484e46a39cfcfc2a8c77532022-12-21T23:22:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242017-11-01810.3389/fimmu.2017.01675304082Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor MicroenvironmentYang Qu0Yang Qu1Yang Qu2Gang Zhao3Gang Zhao4Gang Zhao5Hui Li6Hui Li7Hui Li8Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, ChinaNational Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaTumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, lymphocytes and other cell types. Two distinct forms of TNF-α have been identified: soluble TNF-α (sTNF-α) and transmembrane TNF-α (mTNF-α). mTNF-α, which is the precursor of sTNF-α, can be cleaved by the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) and is released as sTNF-α. sTNF-α binds primarily to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and plays an important role in the inflammatory immune response, whereas mTNF-α interacts primarily with TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and mediates the promotion of cellular proliferation and survival and other biological effects. It has been reported that the interaction between mTNF-α and TNFR2 induces bi-directional (forward and reverse) signaling in both mTNF-α- and TNFR2-expressing cells. Increasing evidence shows that the forward and reverse signaling mediated by mTNF-α and TNFR2 might play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, the role of the crosstalk between mTNF-α and TNFR2 in the tumor microenvironment will be discussed.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01675/fulltransmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alphaTNF receptor 2tumor microenvironmentforward signalingreverse signaling |
| spellingShingle | Yang Qu Yang Qu Yang Qu Gang Zhao Gang Zhao Gang Zhao Hui Li Hui Li Hui Li Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment Frontiers in Immunology transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF receptor 2 tumor microenvironment forward signaling reverse signaling |
| title | Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full | Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_short | Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_sort | forward and reverse signaling mediated by transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha and tnf receptor 2 potential roles in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment |
| topic | transmembrane tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF receptor 2 tumor microenvironment forward signaling reverse signaling |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01675/full |
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