Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following primary immunization (breakthrough infection) has been reported in hemodialysis patients; however, their post-infection immune status remains unclear. We evaluated the humoral and cellular immunity of hemodialysis patients after breakthrough infection. H...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/7/1214 |
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| author | Masataro Toda Ayumi Yoshifuji Tetsuo Nakayama Setsuko Mise-Omata Emi Oyama Yoshifumi Uwamino Ho Namkoong Motoaki Komatsu Akihiko Yoshimura Naoki Hasegawa Kan Kikuchi Munekazu Ryuzaki |
| author_facet | Masataro Toda Ayumi Yoshifuji Tetsuo Nakayama Setsuko Mise-Omata Emi Oyama Yoshifumi Uwamino Ho Namkoong Motoaki Komatsu Akihiko Yoshimura Naoki Hasegawa Kan Kikuchi Munekazu Ryuzaki |
| author_sort | Masataro Toda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following primary immunization (breakthrough infection) has been reported in hemodialysis patients; however, their post-infection immune status remains unclear. We evaluated the humoral and cellular immunity of hemodialysis patients after breakthrough infection. Hemodialysis patients who had received primary immunization against COVID-19 at least six months prior to the study but developed mild/moderate COVID-19 before a booster dose (breakthrough infection group) and hemodialysis patients who were not infected with COVID-19 but received a booster dose (booster immunization group) were recruited. In both groups, SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific cytokines and IgG levels were measured three weeks after infection or three weeks after receiving a booster dose. Memory T and B cells were also counted in the breakthrough infection group using flow cytometry three weeks after infection. Significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-5, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels occurred in the breakthrough infection group compared to the booster immunization group (<i>p</i> = 0.013, 0.039, 0.024, 0.017, and 0.039, respectively). The SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgG and cytokine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The breakthrough infection group had significantly higher percentages of central and effector memory T cells and regulatory T cells than the comparison group (<i>p</i> = 0.008, 0.031, and 0.026, respectively). Breakthrough infections may induce stronger cellular and humoral immune responses than booster immunizations in hemodialysis patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-bf203ba3558c4691b15551ae38618f6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:35:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-bf203ba3558c4691b15551ae38618f6a2023-11-18T21:41:14ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-07-01117121410.3390/vaccines11071214Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing HemodialysisMasataro Toda0Ayumi Yoshifuji1Tetsuo Nakayama2Setsuko Mise-Omata3Emi Oyama4Yoshifumi Uwamino5Ho Namkoong6Motoaki Komatsu7Akihiko Yoshimura8Naoki Hasegawa9Kan Kikuchi10Munekazu Ryuzaki11Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo 108-0073, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo 108-0073, JapanKitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Laboratory of Viral Infection, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, JapanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo 108-0073, JapanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo 108-0073, JapanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, JapanDivision of Nephrology, Shimoochiai Clinic, Tokyo 161-0033, JapanDepartment of Nephrology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo 108-0073, JapanCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following primary immunization (breakthrough infection) has been reported in hemodialysis patients; however, their post-infection immune status remains unclear. We evaluated the humoral and cellular immunity of hemodialysis patients after breakthrough infection. Hemodialysis patients who had received primary immunization against COVID-19 at least six months prior to the study but developed mild/moderate COVID-19 before a booster dose (breakthrough infection group) and hemodialysis patients who were not infected with COVID-19 but received a booster dose (booster immunization group) were recruited. In both groups, SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific cytokines and IgG levels were measured three weeks after infection or three weeks after receiving a booster dose. Memory T and B cells were also counted in the breakthrough infection group using flow cytometry three weeks after infection. Significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgG, IFN-γ, IL-5, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels occurred in the breakthrough infection group compared to the booster immunization group (<i>p</i> = 0.013, 0.039, 0.024, 0.017, and 0.039, respectively). The SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific IgG and cytokine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The breakthrough infection group had significantly higher percentages of central and effector memory T cells and regulatory T cells than the comparison group (<i>p</i> = 0.008, 0.031, and 0.026, respectively). Breakthrough infections may induce stronger cellular and humoral immune responses than booster immunizations in hemodialysis patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/7/1214COVID-19booster vaccinationbreakthrough infectionhemodialysis |
| spellingShingle | Masataro Toda Ayumi Yoshifuji Tetsuo Nakayama Setsuko Mise-Omata Emi Oyama Yoshifumi Uwamino Ho Namkoong Motoaki Komatsu Akihiko Yoshimura Naoki Hasegawa Kan Kikuchi Munekazu Ryuzaki Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis Vaccines COVID-19 booster vaccination breakthrough infection hemodialysis |
| title | Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis |
| title_full | Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis |
| title_fullStr | Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis |
| title_short | Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses after Breakthrough Infection in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis |
| title_sort | cellular and humoral immune responses after breakthrough infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis |
| topic | COVID-19 booster vaccination breakthrough infection hemodialysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/7/1214 |
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