Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes
Mobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These factors cause absorption and scattering, ultimately corrupting optical signals. Error-correcting codes can be used to correct certain...
Main Authors: | , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
IEEE
2022-01-01
|
Series: | IEEE Access |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9815050/ |
_version_ | 1818521562061471744 |
---|---|
author | Maaz Salman Javad Bolboli Wan-Young Chung |
author_facet | Maaz Salman Javad Bolboli Wan-Young Chung |
author_sort | Maaz Salman |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Mobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These factors cause absorption and scattering, ultimately corrupting optical signals. Error-correcting codes can be used to correct certain corrupted bits and thus reduce the errors in a channel. In this work, a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) (31, 16)-coded underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is proposed to enhance the communication performance between power-efficient sensor nodes. The proposed BCH-coded system needs a reasonable amount of computing capability and is powered by a battery, enabling the node to have an on-site data processing unit and untethered communication. The encoder and decoder algorithms of the BCH code are implemented on the Embedded C software and coded to run on an Atmel ATmega128A micro-controller. The system’s performance is evaluated by emulating the effects of scattering and absorption, noise due to surrounding and ambient light, turbidity, air bubbles, and turbulence in a natural underwater environment. Moreover, a 0.5 Mbps BCH-coded link achieves a 93.5% PSR, which is 6% better than that of the uncoded system, at a moderate turbidity level of 64 NTU, in the presence of weak turbulence (induced by a pump at a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5~L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula> displacement rate) and air bubbles (generated by an aerating jet at an airflow rate of about 1.2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). |
first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:52:43Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-c09459848d5941ee97a6cfc2bd227b44 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2169-3536 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:52:43Z |
publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
publisher | IEEE |
record_format | Article |
series | IEEE Access |
spelling | doaj.art-c09459848d5941ee97a6cfc2bd227b442022-12-22T01:24:42ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-0110722117222610.1109/ACCESS.2022.31882479815050Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor NodesMaaz Salman0Javad Bolboli1Wan-Young Chung2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-855XDepartment of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of KoreaMobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These factors cause absorption and scattering, ultimately corrupting optical signals. Error-correcting codes can be used to correct certain corrupted bits and thus reduce the errors in a channel. In this work, a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) (31, 16)-coded underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is proposed to enhance the communication performance between power-efficient sensor nodes. The proposed BCH-coded system needs a reasonable amount of computing capability and is powered by a battery, enabling the node to have an on-site data processing unit and untethered communication. The encoder and decoder algorithms of the BCH code are implemented on the Embedded C software and coded to run on an Atmel ATmega128A micro-controller. The system’s performance is evaluated by emulating the effects of scattering and absorption, noise due to surrounding and ambient light, turbidity, air bubbles, and turbulence in a natural underwater environment. Moreover, a 0.5 Mbps BCH-coded link achieves a 93.5% PSR, which is 6% better than that of the uncoded system, at a moderate turbidity level of 64 NTU, in the presence of weak turbulence (induced by a pump at a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5~L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula> displacement rate) and air bubbles (generated by an aerating jet at an airflow rate of about 1.2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9815050/Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)BCH codescatteringturbulenceturbidity |
spellingShingle | Maaz Salman Javad Bolboli Wan-Young Chung Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes IEEE Access Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) BCH code scattering turbulence turbidity |
title | Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes |
title_full | Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes |
title_fullStr | Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes |
title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes |
title_short | Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes |
title_sort | experimental demonstration and evaluation of bch coded uwoc link for power efficient underwater sensor nodes |
topic | Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) BCH code scattering turbulence turbidity |
url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9815050/ |
work_keys_str_mv | AT maazsalman experimentaldemonstrationandevaluationofbchcodeduwoclinkforpowerefficientunderwatersensornodes AT javadbolboli experimentaldemonstrationandevaluationofbchcodeduwoclinkforpowerefficientunderwatersensornodes AT wanyoungchung experimentaldemonstrationandevaluationofbchcodeduwoclinkforpowerefficientunderwatersensornodes |