Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes

Mobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These factors cause absorption and scattering, ultimately corrupting optical signals. Error-correcting codes can be used to correct certain...

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Main Authors: Maaz Salman, Javad Bolboli, Wan-Young Chung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2022-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9815050/
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author Maaz Salman
Javad Bolboli
Wan-Young Chung
author_facet Maaz Salman
Javad Bolboli
Wan-Young Chung
author_sort Maaz Salman
collection DOAJ
description Mobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These factors cause absorption and scattering, ultimately corrupting optical signals. Error-correcting codes can be used to correct certain corrupted bits and thus reduce the errors in a channel. In this work, a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) (31, 16)-coded underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is proposed to enhance the communication performance between power-efficient sensor nodes. The proposed BCH-coded system needs a reasonable amount of computing capability and is powered by a battery, enabling the node to have an on-site data processing unit and untethered communication. The encoder and decoder algorithms of the BCH code are implemented on the Embedded C software and coded to run on an Atmel ATmega128A micro-controller. The system&#x2019;s performance is evaluated by emulating the effects of scattering and absorption, noise due to surrounding and ambient light, turbidity, air bubbles, and turbulence in a natural underwater environment. Moreover, a 0.5 Mbps BCH-coded link achieves a 93.5&#x0025; PSR, which is 6&#x0025; better than that of the uncoded system, at a moderate turbidity level of 64 NTU, in the presence of weak turbulence (induced by a pump at a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5~L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula> displacement rate) and air bubbles (generated by an aerating jet at an airflow rate of about 1.2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).
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spelling doaj.art-c09459848d5941ee97a6cfc2bd227b442022-12-22T01:24:42ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-0110722117222610.1109/ACCESS.2022.31882479815050Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor NodesMaaz Salman0Javad Bolboli1Wan-Young Chung2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-855XDepartment of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan, Republic of KoreaMobile nodes can encounter many challenges in underwater environments during communication due to turbidity, suspended particles, small bubbles, and turbulence. These factors cause absorption and scattering, ultimately corrupting optical signals. Error-correcting codes can be used to correct certain corrupted bits and thus reduce the errors in a channel. In this work, a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) (31, 16)-coded underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is proposed to enhance the communication performance between power-efficient sensor nodes. The proposed BCH-coded system needs a reasonable amount of computing capability and is powered by a battery, enabling the node to have an on-site data processing unit and untethered communication. The encoder and decoder algorithms of the BCH code are implemented on the Embedded C software and coded to run on an Atmel ATmega128A micro-controller. The system&#x2019;s performance is evaluated by emulating the effects of scattering and absorption, noise due to surrounding and ambient light, turbidity, air bubbles, and turbulence in a natural underwater environment. Moreover, a 0.5 Mbps BCH-coded link achieves a 93.5&#x0025; PSR, which is 6&#x0025; better than that of the uncoded system, at a moderate turbidity level of 64 NTU, in the presence of weak turbulence (induced by a pump at a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.5~L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula> displacement rate) and air bubbles (generated by an aerating jet at an airflow rate of about 1.2 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L/min$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9815050/Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)BCH codescatteringturbulenceturbidity
spellingShingle Maaz Salman
Javad Bolboli
Wan-Young Chung
Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes
IEEE Access
Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)
BCH code
scattering
turbulence
turbidity
title Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes
title_full Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes
title_fullStr Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes
title_short Experimental Demonstration and Evaluation of BCH-Coded UWOC Link for Power-Efficient Underwater Sensor Nodes
title_sort experimental demonstration and evaluation of bch coded uwoc link for power efficient underwater sensor nodes
topic Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)
BCH code
scattering
turbulence
turbidity
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9815050/
work_keys_str_mv AT maazsalman experimentaldemonstrationandevaluationofbchcodeduwoclinkforpowerefficientunderwatersensornodes
AT javadbolboli experimentaldemonstrationandevaluationofbchcodeduwoclinkforpowerefficientunderwatersensornodes
AT wanyoungchung experimentaldemonstrationandevaluationofbchcodeduwoclinkforpowerefficientunderwatersensornodes