Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital Holography
Digital holography is a well-established technology for optical quality control in industrial applications. Two common challenges in digital holographic measurement tasks are the ambiguity at phase steps and the limited depth of focus. With multiwavelength holography, multiple artificial wavelengths...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/7/1042 |
| _version_ | 1819013071170961408 |
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| author | Tobias Seyler Markus Fratz Tobias Beckmann Annelie Schiller Alexander Bertz Daniel Carl |
| author_facet | Tobias Seyler Markus Fratz Tobias Beckmann Annelie Schiller Alexander Bertz Daniel Carl |
| author_sort | Tobias Seyler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Digital holography is a well-established technology for optical quality control in industrial applications. Two common challenges in digital holographic measurement tasks are the ambiguity at phase steps and the limited depth of focus. With multiwavelength holography, multiple artificial wavelengths are used to extend the sensor’s measurement range up to several millimeters, allowing measurements on rough surfaces. To further extend the unambiguous range, additional highly stabilized and increasingly expensive laser sources can be used. Besides that, unwrapping algorithms can be used to overcome phase ambiguities—but these require continuous objects. With the unique feature of numerical refocusing, digital holography allows the numerical generation of an all-in-focus unambiguous image. We present a shape-from-focus algorithm that allows the extension of the depth of field beyond geometrical imaging limitations and yields unambiguous height information, even across discontinuities. Phase noise is used as a focus criterion and to generate a focus index map. The algorithm’s performance is demonstrated at a gear flank with steep slopes and a step sample with discontinuities far beyond the system’s geometrical limit. The benefit of this method on axially extended objects is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:54:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c115d0124cde41cabac8b9ab7b54e891 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T01:54:07Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c115d0124cde41cabac8b9ab7b54e8912022-12-21T19:19:49ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172018-06-0187104210.3390/app8071042app8071042Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital HolographyTobias Seyler0Markus Fratz1Tobias Beckmann2Annelie Schiller3Alexander Bertz4Daniel Carl5Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, GermanyFraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, GermanyDigital holography is a well-established technology for optical quality control in industrial applications. Two common challenges in digital holographic measurement tasks are the ambiguity at phase steps and the limited depth of focus. With multiwavelength holography, multiple artificial wavelengths are used to extend the sensor’s measurement range up to several millimeters, allowing measurements on rough surfaces. To further extend the unambiguous range, additional highly stabilized and increasingly expensive laser sources can be used. Besides that, unwrapping algorithms can be used to overcome phase ambiguities—but these require continuous objects. With the unique feature of numerical refocusing, digital holography allows the numerical generation of an all-in-focus unambiguous image. We present a shape-from-focus algorithm that allows the extension of the depth of field beyond geometrical imaging limitations and yields unambiguous height information, even across discontinuities. Phase noise is used as a focus criterion and to generate a focus index map. The algorithm’s performance is demonstrated at a gear flank with steep slopes and a step sample with discontinuities far beyond the system’s geometrical limit. The benefit of this method on axially extended objects is discussed.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/7/1042multi-wavelength holographyinline measurementshape-from-focusphase noisegear measurementall-in-focus |
| spellingShingle | Tobias Seyler Markus Fratz Tobias Beckmann Annelie Schiller Alexander Bertz Daniel Carl Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital Holography Applied Sciences multi-wavelength holography inline measurement shape-from-focus phase noise gear measurement all-in-focus |
| title | Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital Holography |
| title_full | Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital Holography |
| title_fullStr | Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital Holography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital Holography |
| title_short | Extending the Depth of Field beyond Geometrical Imaging Limitations Using Phase Noise as a Focus Measure in Multiwavelength Digital Holography |
| title_sort | extending the depth of field beyond geometrical imaging limitations using phase noise as a focus measure in multiwavelength digital holography |
| topic | multi-wavelength holography inline measurement shape-from-focus phase noise gear measurement all-in-focus |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/8/7/1042 |
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