Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses
Textural characteristics of fruit are important for their quality, storability, and consumer acceptance. While texture can be evaluated instrumentally or sensorially, instrumental measurements are preferred if they can be reliably related to human perception. The objectives of this research were to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/384 |
| _version_ | 1797411983706816512 |
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| author | Masoumeh Bejaei Kareen Stanich Margaret A. Cliff |
| author_facet | Masoumeh Bejaei Kareen Stanich Margaret A. Cliff |
| author_sort | Masoumeh Bejaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Textural characteristics of fruit are important for their quality, storability, and consumer acceptance. While texture can be evaluated instrumentally or sensorially, instrumental measurements are preferred if they can be reliably related to human perception. The objectives of this research were to validate instrumental measurements with sensory determinations, develop a classification scheme to group apples by their textural characteristics, and create models to predict sensory attributes from instrumental and compositional analyses. The textural characteristics (crispness, hardness, juiciness, and skin toughness) of 12 apple cultivars were evaluated on new and established cultivars. Fruit was also evaluated using five instrumental measurements from TA.XT<i>plus</i> Texture Analyzer, and three compositional determinations. The experiment was repeated for analysis and validation purposes. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed that 95.88% of the variation in the instrumental determinations could be explained by two components (PC 1 and PC 2); which were highly correlated with flesh firmness and skin strength, respectively. Four textural groups of apples were identified, and the accuracy of classification was established at 94.44% by using linear discriminant analysis. The predictive models that were developed between the sensory and instrumental-compositional data explained more than 85% of the variation in the data for hardness and crispness, while models for juiciness and skin toughness were more complex. The work should assist industry personnel to reduce time-consuming and costly sensory testing, yet have an appreciation of the textural traits as perceived by the consumer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:54:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c153935a570749a1a8d690d6e4ffe716 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:54:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-c153935a570749a1a8d690d6e4ffe7162023-12-03T13:07:23ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582021-02-0110238410.3390/foods10020384Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional AnalysesMasoumeh Bejaei0Kareen Stanich1Margaret A. Cliff2Summerland Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, CanadaSummerland Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, CanadaFood Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, CanadaTextural characteristics of fruit are important for their quality, storability, and consumer acceptance. While texture can be evaluated instrumentally or sensorially, instrumental measurements are preferred if they can be reliably related to human perception. The objectives of this research were to validate instrumental measurements with sensory determinations, develop a classification scheme to group apples by their textural characteristics, and create models to predict sensory attributes from instrumental and compositional analyses. The textural characteristics (crispness, hardness, juiciness, and skin toughness) of 12 apple cultivars were evaluated on new and established cultivars. Fruit was also evaluated using five instrumental measurements from TA.XT<i>plus</i> Texture Analyzer, and three compositional determinations. The experiment was repeated for analysis and validation purposes. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed that 95.88% of the variation in the instrumental determinations could be explained by two components (PC 1 and PC 2); which were highly correlated with flesh firmness and skin strength, respectively. Four textural groups of apples were identified, and the accuracy of classification was established at 94.44% by using linear discriminant analysis. The predictive models that were developed between the sensory and instrumental-compositional data explained more than 85% of the variation in the data for hardness and crispness, while models for juiciness and skin toughness were more complex. The work should assist industry personnel to reduce time-consuming and costly sensory testing, yet have an appreciation of the textural traits as perceived by the consumer.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/384applelinear discriminant analysisprediction modelsprincipal component analysissensory evaluationtextural evaluations |
| spellingShingle | Masoumeh Bejaei Kareen Stanich Margaret A. Cliff Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses Foods apple linear discriminant analysis prediction models principal component analysis sensory evaluation textural evaluations |
| title | Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses |
| title_full | Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses |
| title_fullStr | Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses |
| title_short | Modelling and Classification of Apple Textural Attributes Using Sensory, Instrumental and Compositional Analyses |
| title_sort | modelling and classification of apple textural attributes using sensory instrumental and compositional analyses |
| topic | apple linear discriminant analysis prediction models principal component analysis sensory evaluation textural evaluations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/2/384 |
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