Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of whey protein (WP) supplementation during resistance exercise training (RET) vs. RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older people with Sarcopenia. Methods: Electronic searches in the Pu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/15/3424 |
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| author | Iván Cuyul-Vásquez José Pezo-Navarrete Cristina Vargas-Arriagada Cynthia Ortega-Díaz Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola Sandro Massao Hirabara Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr |
| author_facet | Iván Cuyul-Vásquez José Pezo-Navarrete Cristina Vargas-Arriagada Cynthia Ortega-Díaz Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola Sandro Massao Hirabara Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr |
| author_sort | Iván Cuyul-Vásquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: To determine the effectiveness of whey protein (WP) supplementation during resistance exercise training (RET) vs. RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older people with Sarcopenia. Methods: Electronic searches in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, Epistemonikos, and CINAHL databases were performed until 20 January 2023. Randomized clinical trials conducted on sarcopenic adults aged 60 or older were included. The studies had to compare the effectiveness of the addition of supplements based on concentrated, isolated, or hydrolyzed whey protein during RET and compare it with RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and strength changes. The study selection process, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials (591 participants) were included, and five of them provided data for quantitative synthesis. The overall pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimate showed a small effect size in favor of RET plus WP for skeletal muscle mass according to appendicular muscle index, with statistically significant differences compared with RET with or without the placebo group (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.42; <i>p</i> = 0.01; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.42). The overall pooled mean difference (MD) estimate showed a significant difference of +2.31 kg (MD = 2.31 kg; 95% CI, 0.01 to 4.6; <i>p</i> = 0.05; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 81%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in handgrip strength in the RET plus WP group compared with the RET group with or without placebo. The narrative synthesis revealed discordance between the results of the studies on physical performance. Conclusions: WP supplementation during RET is more effective in increasing handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass in older people with Sarcopenia compared with RET with or without placebo supplementation. However, the effect sizes were small, and the MD did not exceed the minimally important clinical difference. The quality of the evidence was low to very low according, to the GRADE approach. Further research is needed in this field. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:19:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c1d0bcfcc28947d2bef98d24906b1b6d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:19:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1d0bcfcc28947d2bef98d24906b1b6d2023-11-18T23:24:23ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-08-011515342410.3390/nu15153424Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisIván Cuyul-Vásquez0José Pezo-Navarrete1Cristina Vargas-Arriagada2Cynthia Ortega-Díaz3Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola4Sandro Massao Hirabara5Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr6Departamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, ChileDepartamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, ChileDepartamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, ChileDepartamento de Procesos Terapéuticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, ChileFaculty of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Las Americas, Santiago 8370040, ChileInterdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, BrazilDepartamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Claro Solar 115, Temuco 4811230, ChileObjective: To determine the effectiveness of whey protein (WP) supplementation during resistance exercise training (RET) vs. RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older people with Sarcopenia. Methods: Electronic searches in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, Epistemonikos, and CINAHL databases were performed until 20 January 2023. Randomized clinical trials conducted on sarcopenic adults aged 60 or older were included. The studies had to compare the effectiveness of the addition of supplements based on concentrated, isolated, or hydrolyzed whey protein during RET and compare it with RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and strength changes. The study selection process, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials (591 participants) were included, and five of them provided data for quantitative synthesis. The overall pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimate showed a small effect size in favor of RET plus WP for skeletal muscle mass according to appendicular muscle index, with statistically significant differences compared with RET with or without the placebo group (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.42; <i>p</i> = 0.01; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%, <i>p</i> = 0.42). The overall pooled mean difference (MD) estimate showed a significant difference of +2.31 kg (MD = 2.31 kg; 95% CI, 0.01 to 4.6; <i>p</i> = 0.05; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 81%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) in handgrip strength in the RET plus WP group compared with the RET group with or without placebo. The narrative synthesis revealed discordance between the results of the studies on physical performance. Conclusions: WP supplementation during RET is more effective in increasing handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass in older people with Sarcopenia compared with RET with or without placebo supplementation. However, the effect sizes were small, and the MD did not exceed the minimally important clinical difference. The quality of the evidence was low to very low according, to the GRADE approach. Further research is needed in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/15/3424Sarcopeniaelderlywhey proteinresistance exercisestrength training |
| spellingShingle | Iván Cuyul-Vásquez José Pezo-Navarrete Cristina Vargas-Arriagada Cynthia Ortega-Díaz Walter Sepúlveda-Loyola Sandro Massao Hirabara Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Nutrients Sarcopenia elderly whey protein resistance exercise strength training |
| title | Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | effectiveness of whey protein supplementation during resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle mass and strength in older people with sarcopenia a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Sarcopenia elderly whey protein resistance exercise strength training |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/15/3424 |
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