The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in Brazil
Flavonoids are significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents and have multiple potential health applications. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> is globally recognized for its nutritional and pharmacological properties, correlated to the high flavonoid content in its leaves. However, the bio...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/10/1452 |
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| author | Larissa Marina Pereira Silva Maria Raquel Cavalcanti Inácio Gualter Guenter Costa da Silva Jucier Magson de Souza e Silva Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz Maria das Graças Almeida Edgar Perin Moraes Debora Esposito Leandro De Santis Ferreira Silvana Maria Zucolotto |
| author_facet | Larissa Marina Pereira Silva Maria Raquel Cavalcanti Inácio Gualter Guenter Costa da Silva Jucier Magson de Souza e Silva Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz Maria das Graças Almeida Edgar Perin Moraes Debora Esposito Leandro De Santis Ferreira Silvana Maria Zucolotto |
| author_sort | Larissa Marina Pereira Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flavonoids are significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents and have multiple potential health applications. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> is globally recognized for its nutritional and pharmacological properties, correlated to the high flavonoid content in its leaves. However, the bioactive compounds found in plants may vary according to the cultivation, origin, season, and extraction process used, making it difficult to extract reliable raw material. Hence, this study aimed to standardize the best cultivation and harvest season in Brazil and the best extraction process conditions to obtain a flavonoid-rich extract from <i>M. oleifera</i> as a final product. Firstly, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized to reach the highest flavonoid content by three-level factorial planning and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal cultivation condition was mineral soil fertilizer in the drought season, and the optimized extraction was with 80% ethanol and 13.4 min of extraction time. The flavonoid-rich extract was safe and significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Lastly, the major flavonoids characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS were compounds derived from apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol glycosides. The results confirmed that it was possible to standardize the flavonoid-rich extract leading to a standardized and reliable raw material extracted from <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:27Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c1f7fdb40e3e4773bdcc881d2374c465 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-c1f7fdb40e3e4773bdcc881d2374c4652023-11-23T10:59:20ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-05-011110145210.3390/foods11101452The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in BrazilLarissa Marina Pereira Silva0Maria Raquel Cavalcanti Inácio1Gualter Guenter Costa da Silva2Jucier Magson de Souza e Silva3Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz4Maria das Graças Almeida5Edgar Perin Moraes6Debora Esposito7Leandro De Santis Ferreira8Silvana Maria Zucolotto9Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Research Group of Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Postgraduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, BrazilLaboratory of Pharmacognosy, Research Group of Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Postgraduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, BrazilAgricultural Sciences Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba 59280-000, BrazilAgricultural Sciences Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba 59280-000, BrazilMultidisciplinary Research Laboratory (LabMult), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, BrazilMultidisciplinary Research Laboratory (LabMult), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, BrazilChemometrics and Biological Chemistry Group (CBC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, BrazilPlants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USALaboratory of Quality Control of Medicines (LCQMed), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, BrazilLaboratory of Pharmacognosy, Research Group of Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Postgraduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, BrazilFlavonoids are significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents and have multiple potential health applications. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> is globally recognized for its nutritional and pharmacological properties, correlated to the high flavonoid content in its leaves. However, the bioactive compounds found in plants may vary according to the cultivation, origin, season, and extraction process used, making it difficult to extract reliable raw material. Hence, this study aimed to standardize the best cultivation and harvest season in Brazil and the best extraction process conditions to obtain a flavonoid-rich extract from <i>M. oleifera</i> as a final product. Firstly, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized to reach the highest flavonoid content by three-level factorial planning and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal cultivation condition was mineral soil fertilizer in the drought season, and the optimized extraction was with 80% ethanol and 13.4 min of extraction time. The flavonoid-rich extract was safe and significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Lastly, the major flavonoids characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS were compounds derived from apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol glycosides. The results confirmed that it was possible to standardize the flavonoid-rich extract leading to a standardized and reliable raw material extracted from <i>M. oleifera</i> leaves.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/10/1452flavonoids<i>Moringa oleifera</i>response surface methodologyultrasoundcultivationHPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS |
| spellingShingle | Larissa Marina Pereira Silva Maria Raquel Cavalcanti Inácio Gualter Guenter Costa da Silva Jucier Magson de Souza e Silva Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz Maria das Graças Almeida Edgar Perin Moraes Debora Esposito Leandro De Santis Ferreira Silvana Maria Zucolotto The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in Brazil Foods flavonoids <i>Moringa oleifera</i> response surface methodology ultrasound cultivation HPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS |
| title | The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in Brazil |
| title_full | The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in Brazil |
| title_fullStr | The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in Brazil |
| title_short | The First Optimization Process from Cultivation to Flavonoid-Rich Extract from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Lam. Leaves in Brazil |
| title_sort | first optimization process from cultivation to flavonoid rich extract from i moringa oleifera i lam leaves in brazil |
| topic | flavonoids <i>Moringa oleifera</i> response surface methodology ultrasound cultivation HPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/10/1452 |
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