Grading criteria for venous invasion in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract Background Venous invasion (VI) is an adverse prognostic indicator in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, grading criteria for venous invasion in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been established. Methods We enrolled 598 thoracic ESCC patients from 2005 t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-023-02272-8 |