Role of Pharmacokinetic Effects in the Potentiation of Morphine Analgesia by L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers in Mice

The present study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction of morphine with three classes of L-type calcium channel blockers (CCB) and its relationship to morphine-induced mechanical antinociception in mice. The CCB classes were benzothiazepine (diltiazem), dihydropyridine (nimodi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Norifumi Shimizu, Shiroh Kishioka, Takehiko Maeda, Yohji Fukazawa, Chizuko Yamamoto, Masanobu Ozaki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2004-01-01
Series:Journal of Pharmacological Sciences
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861319324910