Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond
Abstract Several neuronal guidance proteins, known as semaphorin molecules, function in the immune system. This dual tissue performance has led to them being defined as “neuroimmune semaphorins”. They have been shown to regulate T cell activation by serving as costimulatory molecules. Similar to cla...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-04-01
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| Series: | Molecular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s10020-018-0014-9 |
| _version_ | 1818517587385909248 |
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| author | Svetlana P. Chapoval |
| author_facet | Svetlana P. Chapoval |
| author_sort | Svetlana P. Chapoval |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Several neuronal guidance proteins, known as semaphorin molecules, function in the immune system. This dual tissue performance has led to them being defined as “neuroimmune semaphorins”. They have been shown to regulate T cell activation by serving as costimulatory molecules. Similar to classical costimulatory molecules, neuroimmune semaphorins are either constitutively or inducibly expressed on immune cells. In contrast to the classical costimulatory molecule function, the action of neuroimmune semaphorins requires the presence of two signals, the first one provided by TCR/MHC engagement, and the second one provided by B7/CD28 interaction. Thus, neuroimmune semaphorins serve as a “signal three” for immune cell activation and regulate the overall intensity of immune response. The current knowledge on their structures, multiple receptors, specific cell/tissue/organ expression, and distinct functions in different diseases are summarized and discussed in this review. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:58:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c59270939e044ca089fe1464e63206d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1076-1551 1528-3658 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:58:13Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c59270939e044ca089fe1464e63206d12022-12-22T01:26:25ZengBMCMolecular Medicine1076-15511528-36582018-04-0124112010.1186/s10020-018-0014-9Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyondSvetlana P. Chapoval0Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of MedicineAbstract Several neuronal guidance proteins, known as semaphorin molecules, function in the immune system. This dual tissue performance has led to them being defined as “neuroimmune semaphorins”. They have been shown to regulate T cell activation by serving as costimulatory molecules. Similar to classical costimulatory molecules, neuroimmune semaphorins are either constitutively or inducibly expressed on immune cells. In contrast to the classical costimulatory molecule function, the action of neuroimmune semaphorins requires the presence of two signals, the first one provided by TCR/MHC engagement, and the second one provided by B7/CD28 interaction. Thus, neuroimmune semaphorins serve as a “signal three” for immune cell activation and regulate the overall intensity of immune response. The current knowledge on their structures, multiple receptors, specific cell/tissue/organ expression, and distinct functions in different diseases are summarized and discussed in this review.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s10020-018-0014-9CostimulationImmune responseSemaphorinsMolecular targetsInflammation |
| spellingShingle | Svetlana P. Chapoval Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond Molecular Medicine Costimulation Immune response Semaphorins Molecular targets Inflammation |
| title | Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond |
| title_full | Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond |
| title_fullStr | Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond |
| title_short | Neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond |
| title_sort | neuroimmune semaphorins as costimulatory molecules and beyond |
| topic | Costimulation Immune response Semaphorins Molecular targets Inflammation |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s10020-018-0014-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT svetlanapchapoval neuroimmunesemaphorinsascostimulatorymoleculesandbeyond |