Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug Delivery
Pulmonary drug delivery aims to deliver particles deep into the lungs, bypassing the mouth–throat airway geometry. However, micron particles under high flow rates are susceptible to inertial impaction on anatomical sites that serve as a defense system to filter and prevent foreign particles from ent...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/10/1259 |
| _version_ | 1827648414254366720 |
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| author | Brenda Vara Almirall Kiao Inthavong Kimberley Bradshaw Narinder Singh Aaron Johnson Pippa Storey Hana Salati |
| author_facet | Brenda Vara Almirall Kiao Inthavong Kimberley Bradshaw Narinder Singh Aaron Johnson Pippa Storey Hana Salati |
| author_sort | Brenda Vara Almirall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pulmonary drug delivery aims to deliver particles deep into the lungs, bypassing the mouth–throat airway geometry. However, micron particles under high flow rates are susceptible to inertial impaction on anatomical sites that serve as a defense system to filter and prevent foreign particles from entering the lungs. The aim of this study was to understand particle aerodynamics and its possible deposition in the mouth–throat airway that inhibits pulmonary drug delivery. In this study, we present an analysis of the aerodynamics of inhaled particles inside a patient-specific mouth–throat model generated from MRI scans. Computational Fluid Dynamics with a Discrete Phase Model for tracking particles was used to characterize the airflow patterns for a constant inhalation flow rate of 30 L/min. Monodisperse particles with diameters of 7 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m to 26 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m were introduced to the domain within a 3 cm-diameter sphere in front of the oral cavity. The main outcomes of this study showed that the time taken for particle deposition to occur was 0.5 s; a narrow stream of particles (medially and superiorly) were transported by the flow field; larger particles > 20 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m deposited onto the oropharnyx, while smaller particles < 12 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m were more disperse throughout the oral cavity and navigated the curved geometry and laryngeal jet to escape through the tracheal outlet. It was concluded that at a flow rate of 30 L/min the particle diameters depositing on the larynx and trachea in this specific patient model are likely to be in the range of 7 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m to 16 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m. Particles larger than 16 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m primarily deposited on the oropharynx. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:36:54Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:36:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c63c6138aa7642afae851d78798f04982023-11-24T01:52:04ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-10-011510125910.3390/ph15101259Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug DeliveryBrenda Vara Almirall0Kiao Inthavong1Kimberley Bradshaw2Narinder Singh3Aaron Johnson4Pippa Storey5Hana Salati6Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaMechanical & Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery & Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10017, USADepartment of Radiology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USAMechanical & Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, AustraliaPulmonary drug delivery aims to deliver particles deep into the lungs, bypassing the mouth–throat airway geometry. However, micron particles under high flow rates are susceptible to inertial impaction on anatomical sites that serve as a defense system to filter and prevent foreign particles from entering the lungs. The aim of this study was to understand particle aerodynamics and its possible deposition in the mouth–throat airway that inhibits pulmonary drug delivery. In this study, we present an analysis of the aerodynamics of inhaled particles inside a patient-specific mouth–throat model generated from MRI scans. Computational Fluid Dynamics with a Discrete Phase Model for tracking particles was used to characterize the airflow patterns for a constant inhalation flow rate of 30 L/min. Monodisperse particles with diameters of 7 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m to 26 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m were introduced to the domain within a 3 cm-diameter sphere in front of the oral cavity. The main outcomes of this study showed that the time taken for particle deposition to occur was 0.5 s; a narrow stream of particles (medially and superiorly) were transported by the flow field; larger particles > 20 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m deposited onto the oropharnyx, while smaller particles < 12 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m were more disperse throughout the oral cavity and navigated the curved geometry and laryngeal jet to escape through the tracheal outlet. It was concluded that at a flow rate of 30 L/min the particle diameters depositing on the larynx and trachea in this specific patient model are likely to be in the range of 7 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m to 16 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m. Particles larger than 16 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m primarily deposited on the oropharynx.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/10/1259CFD modelingoral cavityrespirationtargeted drug deliverySBES |
| spellingShingle | Brenda Vara Almirall Kiao Inthavong Kimberley Bradshaw Narinder Singh Aaron Johnson Pippa Storey Hana Salati Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug Delivery Pharmaceuticals CFD modeling oral cavity respiration targeted drug delivery SBES |
| title | Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug Delivery |
| title_full | Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug Delivery |
| title_fullStr | Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug Delivery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug Delivery |
| title_short | Flow Patterns and Particle Residence Times in the Oral Cavity during Inhaled Drug Delivery |
| title_sort | flow patterns and particle residence times in the oral cavity during inhaled drug delivery |
| topic | CFD modeling oral cavity respiration targeted drug delivery SBES |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/10/1259 |
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