Immunological Signatures in Blood and Urine in 80 Individuals Hospitalized during the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic with Quantified Nicotine Exposure

Immunological Signatures in Blood and Urine in 80 Individuals Hospitalized during the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic with Quantified Nicotine Exposure

This research analyzes immunological response patterns to SARS-CoV-2 infection in blood and urine in individuals with serum cotinine-confirmed exposure to nicotine. Samples of blood and urine were obtained from a total of 80 patients admitted to hospital within 24 h of admission (t<sub>adm<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Krzysztof Laudanski, Mohamed A. Mahmoud, Ahmed Sayed Ahmed, Kaitlin Susztak, Amal Mathew, James Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-03-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
nicotine exposure
cotinine
immunological response
spike protein
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7/3714

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/7/3714

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