The subjective experience of heroin effects among individuals with chronic opioid use: Revisiting reinforcement in an exploratory study

Aims: : Consistent with the opponent process theory individuals with chronic opioid use should predominantly endorse the avoidance of aversive negative emotional and/or physiological states as the motivation for continued opioid use (source of reinforcement: reductions in negative states). The prima...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Suky Martinez, Laura Brandt, Sandra D. Comer, Frances R. Levin, Jermaine D. Jones
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2022-12-01
Series:Addiction Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392522000293