The subjective experience of heroin effects among individuals with chronic opioid use: Revisiting reinforcement in an exploratory study
Aims: : Consistent with the opponent process theory individuals with chronic opioid use should predominantly endorse the avoidance of aversive negative emotional and/or physiological states as the motivation for continued opioid use (source of reinforcement: reductions in negative states). The prima...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2022-12-01
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Series: | Addiction Neuroscience |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772392522000293 |