Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Zambia
Agroecological food systems and socioeconomic characteristics are known to influence household food security and food consumption patterns and consequently have an impact on child nutritional status. The present study examined food consumption patterns among children aged 6–23 months in two geograph...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Dairy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/4/1/10 |
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| author | Bubala Thandie Hamaimbo Pamela A. Marinda Vincent Nyau Justin Chileshe Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa Sijmen E. Schoustra |
| author_facet | Bubala Thandie Hamaimbo Pamela A. Marinda Vincent Nyau Justin Chileshe Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa Sijmen E. Schoustra |
| author_sort | Bubala Thandie Hamaimbo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agroecological food systems and socioeconomic characteristics are known to influence household food security and food consumption patterns and consequently have an impact on child nutritional status. The present study examined food consumption patterns among children aged 6–23 months in two geographic regions of Zambia, with special focus on consumption of fermented products, and its association with illnesses and nutritional status. The cross-sectional survey enrolled a total of 213 children from Namwala and Mkushi districts of Zambia. A 24 h recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used to determine the number of food groups consumed and consequently dietary diversity scores and food consumption patterns, respectively. Determinants of child’s linear growth as measured by Height-for-Age Z-scores (HAZ) were assessed via multiple linear regression analysis. In total, 54% of the children met the minimum dietary diversity by consuming food from at least 5+ food groups. Maize meal porridge, <i>Mabisi</i> (fermented milk), <i>Chibwantu</i> and <i>Munkoyo</i> (fermented beverages based on cereals) and groundnuts were among the frequently consumed foods. A higher consumption of fermented beverages was observed in Namwala compared to Mkushi district. A significant association was observed between HAZ score (rho = 0.198, <i>p</i> = 0.004), Weight-for-Age Z-score (WAZ) (rho = 0.142, <i>p</i> = 0.039) and consumption of <i>mabisi</i>. Dietary intake had a positive association with child nutritional status. The frequent consumption of traditional non-alcoholic cereal and milk-based fermented foods underpinned their contribution to the children’s dietary intake. Moreover, the trend would be viewed as an indicator to nutrition and policy actors on possible unoptimized potential of indigenous fermented foods’ influence in nutritional and health status among children at regional and national levels. Although Zambia has a wide range of traditional non-alcoholic fermented food products, their prospects in provision of macro- and micronutrients along with microbiota benefits remain scanty despite global efforts increasingly advocating for the inclusion of such traditional foods in food-based recommendations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:42:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c9e915add53d4e5998e7d311ba362abf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-862X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:42:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Dairy |
| spelling | doaj.art-c9e915add53d4e5998e7d311ba362abf2023-11-17T10:31:47ZengMDPI AGDairy2624-862X2023-02-014113714910.3390/dairy4010010Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in ZambiaBubala Thandie Hamaimbo0Pamela A. Marinda1Vincent Nyau2Justin Chileshe3Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa4Sijmen E. Schoustra5Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaBiomedical Sciences Department, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola P.O. Box 71769, ZambiaLaboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaAgroecological food systems and socioeconomic characteristics are known to influence household food security and food consumption patterns and consequently have an impact on child nutritional status. The present study examined food consumption patterns among children aged 6–23 months in two geographic regions of Zambia, with special focus on consumption of fermented products, and its association with illnesses and nutritional status. The cross-sectional survey enrolled a total of 213 children from Namwala and Mkushi districts of Zambia. A 24 h recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used to determine the number of food groups consumed and consequently dietary diversity scores and food consumption patterns, respectively. Determinants of child’s linear growth as measured by Height-for-Age Z-scores (HAZ) were assessed via multiple linear regression analysis. In total, 54% of the children met the minimum dietary diversity by consuming food from at least 5+ food groups. Maize meal porridge, <i>Mabisi</i> (fermented milk), <i>Chibwantu</i> and <i>Munkoyo</i> (fermented beverages based on cereals) and groundnuts were among the frequently consumed foods. A higher consumption of fermented beverages was observed in Namwala compared to Mkushi district. A significant association was observed between HAZ score (rho = 0.198, <i>p</i> = 0.004), Weight-for-Age Z-score (WAZ) (rho = 0.142, <i>p</i> = 0.039) and consumption of <i>mabisi</i>. Dietary intake had a positive association with child nutritional status. The frequent consumption of traditional non-alcoholic cereal and milk-based fermented foods underpinned their contribution to the children’s dietary intake. Moreover, the trend would be viewed as an indicator to nutrition and policy actors on possible unoptimized potential of indigenous fermented foods’ influence in nutritional and health status among children at regional and national levels. Although Zambia has a wide range of traditional non-alcoholic fermented food products, their prospects in provision of macro- and micronutrients along with microbiota benefits remain scanty despite global efforts increasingly advocating for the inclusion of such traditional foods in food-based recommendations.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/4/1/10malnutritionfermented foodnutritional statusdietary diversitychildrenZambia |
| spellingShingle | Bubala Thandie Hamaimbo Pamela A. Marinda Vincent Nyau Justin Chileshe Christopher Khayeka-Wandabwa Sijmen E. Schoustra Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Zambia Dairy malnutrition fermented food nutritional status dietary diversity children Zambia |
| title | Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Zambia |
| title_full | Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Zambia |
| title_fullStr | Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Zambia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Zambia |
| title_short | Adequate Dietary Intake and Consumption of Indigenous Fermented Products Are Associated with Improved Nutrition Status among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Zambia |
| title_sort | adequate dietary intake and consumption of indigenous fermented products are associated with improved nutrition status among children aged 6 23 months in zambia |
| topic | malnutrition fermented food nutritional status dietary diversity children Zambia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/4/1/10 |
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