Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypes
Abstract Background To gain a better understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in mulberry fruit, we analyzed the transcriptome of the mulberry varieties Da 10 (Morus atropurpurea Roxb., black fruit) and Baisang (Morus alba L., white fruit). Results We found that whereas Da 10 had high levels of cya...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2020-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-020-02486-1 |
| _version_ | 1819229857402322944 |
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| author | Gaiqun Huang Yichun Zeng Ling Wei Yongquan Yao Jie Dai Gang Liu Zhongzheng Gui |
| author_facet | Gaiqun Huang Yichun Zeng Ling Wei Yongquan Yao Jie Dai Gang Liu Zhongzheng Gui |
| author_sort | Gaiqun Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background To gain a better understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in mulberry fruit, we analyzed the transcriptome of the mulberry varieties Da 10 (Morus atropurpurea Roxb., black fruit) and Baisang (Morus alba L., white fruit). Results We found that whereas Da 10 had high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg), Baisang contained only Cy, at low levels. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis, we annotated more than 27,085 genes (including 1735 new genes). Genes that were differentially expressed between Da 10 and Baisang were detected at three stages of fruit development: S1 [4256 genes, 10 days post-anthesis (DPA)], S2 (5612 genes, 19 DPA), and S3 (5226 genes, 28 DPA). Anthocyanin biosynthesis was found to be associated with the expression of 15 core genes and 5 transcription factors. Relative to Baisang, Da 10 showed a significant upregulation of genes involved in the early stages (production of the intermediate compounds chalcone and dihydroflavonol) and late stages (production of Cy and Pg) of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Baisang showed a significant downregulation of the genes involved in the early stages of anthocyanin biosynthesis and overexpression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (FLS), resulting in the generation of quercetin and/or myricetin but not anthocyanins. Conclusions The biosynthesis of anthocyanin in mulberry fruit is initiated from the precursor, phenylalanine, and mediated by the upregulation of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 2-O-glucuronosyltransferase, and downregulation of FLS to produce Cy and Pg. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:19:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ca920a5302084c1ba0186802203f5f6c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:19:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ca920a5302084c1ba0186802203f5f6c2022-12-21T17:49:06ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292020-06-0120111210.1186/s12870-020-02486-1Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypesGaiqun Huang0Yichun Zeng1Ling Wei2Yongquan Yao3Jie Dai4Gang Liu5Zhongzheng Gui6School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologySericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesSchool of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Background To gain a better understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in mulberry fruit, we analyzed the transcriptome of the mulberry varieties Da 10 (Morus atropurpurea Roxb., black fruit) and Baisang (Morus alba L., white fruit). Results We found that whereas Da 10 had high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg), Baisang contained only Cy, at low levels. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis, we annotated more than 27,085 genes (including 1735 new genes). Genes that were differentially expressed between Da 10 and Baisang were detected at three stages of fruit development: S1 [4256 genes, 10 days post-anthesis (DPA)], S2 (5612 genes, 19 DPA), and S3 (5226 genes, 28 DPA). Anthocyanin biosynthesis was found to be associated with the expression of 15 core genes and 5 transcription factors. Relative to Baisang, Da 10 showed a significant upregulation of genes involved in the early stages (production of the intermediate compounds chalcone and dihydroflavonol) and late stages (production of Cy and Pg) of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Baisang showed a significant downregulation of the genes involved in the early stages of anthocyanin biosynthesis and overexpression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (FLS), resulting in the generation of quercetin and/or myricetin but not anthocyanins. Conclusions The biosynthesis of anthocyanin in mulberry fruit is initiated from the precursor, phenylalanine, and mediated by the upregulation of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase, anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 2-O-glucuronosyltransferase, and downregulation of FLS to produce Cy and Pg.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-020-02486-1Mulberry fruitAnthocyaninBiosynthesisTranscriptome |
| spellingShingle | Gaiqun Huang Yichun Zeng Ling Wei Yongquan Yao Jie Dai Gang Liu Zhongzheng Gui Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypes BMC Plant Biology Mulberry fruit Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Transcriptome |
| title | Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypes |
| title_full | Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypes |
| title_fullStr | Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypes |
| title_short | Comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black (Morus atropurpurea Roxb.) and white (Morus alba L.) fruit genotypes |
| title_sort | comparative transcriptome analysis of mulberry reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanisms in black morus atropurpurea roxb and white morus alba l fruit genotypes |
| topic | Mulberry fruit Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Transcriptome |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12870-020-02486-1 |
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