Endocrine Side Effects in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review

Endocrine Side Effects in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review

Checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies that elicit an anti-tumor response by stimulating immune system. Their use has improved the treatment of different types of cancer such as melanoma, breast carcinoma, lung, stomach, colon, liver, renal cell carcinoma, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but severa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nicia I. Profili, Roberto Castelli, Antonio Gidaro, Alessandro Merella, Roberto Manetti, Giuseppe Palmieri, Margherita Maioli, Alessandro P. Delitala
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-08-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
immune checkpoint inhibitors
endocrine side effects
PD-1
PD-L1
CTLA-4
thyroid
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/15/5161

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/15/5161

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