Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in intermediate age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy

Elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in intermediate age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy

IntroductionTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in pathological changes to the retinal pigment epithelium that are similar to changes in geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of age related macular degeneration (AMD). TNF-α also modulates expression of othe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Vivian Rajeswaren, Brandie D. Wagner, Jennifer L. Patnaik, Naresh Mandava, Marc T. Mathias, Niranjan Manoharan, Talisa E. de Carlo Forest, Ramya Gnanaraj, Anne M. Lynch, Alan G. Palestine, the University of Colorado Retina Research Group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Ophthalmology
Subjects:
age-related macular degeneration
tumor necrosis factor alpha
vascular endothelial growth factor
intermediate age related macular degeneration
geographic atrophy
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1356957/full

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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fopht.2024.1356957/full

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