Endogenous Cardiac Steroids in Bipolar Disorder: State of the Art

Endogenous Cardiac Steroids in Bipolar Disorder: State of the Art

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness with a poor prognosis and problematic, suboptimal, treatments. Treatments, borne of an understanding of the pathoetiologic mechanisms, need to be developed in order to improve outcomes. Dysregulation of cationic homeostasis is the most reproducib...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rif S. El-Mallakh, Vishnu Priya Sampath, Noa Horesh, David Lichtstein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-02-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
bipolar disorder
endogenous cardiac steroids
endogenous ouabain
ouabain
Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1846

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https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1846

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