Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications
Abstract The naturally occurring homo-polyamide biopolymer, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) consists of 25–35 L-lysine residues with amide linkages between α-carboxyl groups and ε-amino groups. ɛ-PL exhibits several useful properties because of its unusual structure, such as biodegradability, water solubilit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-022-02166-2 |
| _version_ | 1811241216090570752 |
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| author | Shubo Li Yunren Mao Lifei Zhang Miao Wang Jinhao Meng Xiaoling Liu Yunxia Bai Yuan Guo |
| author_facet | Shubo Li Yunren Mao Lifei Zhang Miao Wang Jinhao Meng Xiaoling Liu Yunxia Bai Yuan Guo |
| author_sort | Shubo Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The naturally occurring homo-polyamide biopolymer, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) consists of 25–35 L-lysine residues with amide linkages between α-carboxyl groups and ε-amino groups. ɛ-PL exhibits several useful properties because of its unusual structure, such as biodegradability, water solubility, no human toxicity, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities; it is widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, clinical chemistry and electronics. However, current industrial production of ε-PL is only performed in a few countries. Based on an analysis of the physiological characteristics of ε-PL fermentation, current advances that enhance ε-PL fermentation, from strain improvement to product isolation are systematically reviewed, focusing on: (1) elucidating the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism of ε-PL synthesis; (2) enhancing biosynthetic performance through mutagenesis, fermentation optimization and metabolic engineering; and (3) understanding and improving the biological activity and functional properties of ε-PL. Finally, perspectives on engineering and exploiting ε-PL as a source material for the production of various advanced materials are also discussed, providing scientific guidelines for researchers to further improve the ε-PL fermentation process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:32:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd2ecadd63384f36b987d53aad4d648d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2731-3654 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:32:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd2ecadd63384f36b987d53aad4d648d2022-12-22T03:31:08ZengBMCBiotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts2731-36542022-06-0115111610.1186/s13068-022-02166-2Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applicationsShubo Li0Yunren Mao1Lifei Zhang2Miao Wang3Jinhao Meng4Xiaoling Liu5Yunxia Bai6Yuan Guo7College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi UniversityCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi UniversityCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi UniversityCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi UniversityCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi UniversityCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi UniversityCollege of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi UniversityNational Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of SciencesAbstract The naturally occurring homo-polyamide biopolymer, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) consists of 25–35 L-lysine residues with amide linkages between α-carboxyl groups and ε-amino groups. ɛ-PL exhibits several useful properties because of its unusual structure, such as biodegradability, water solubility, no human toxicity, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activities; it is widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, clinical chemistry and electronics. However, current industrial production of ε-PL is only performed in a few countries. Based on an analysis of the physiological characteristics of ε-PL fermentation, current advances that enhance ε-PL fermentation, from strain improvement to product isolation are systematically reviewed, focusing on: (1) elucidating the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism of ε-PL synthesis; (2) enhancing biosynthetic performance through mutagenesis, fermentation optimization and metabolic engineering; and (3) understanding and improving the biological activity and functional properties of ε-PL. Finally, perspectives on engineering and exploiting ε-PL as a source material for the production of various advanced materials are also discussed, providing scientific guidelines for researchers to further improve the ε-PL fermentation process.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-022-02166-2ε-Poly-L-lysineMetabolic regulatory mechanismAntimicrobial mechanismFunctional propertiesFermentation performance |
| spellingShingle | Shubo Li Yunren Mao Lifei Zhang Miao Wang Jinhao Meng Xiaoling Liu Yunxia Bai Yuan Guo Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts ε-Poly-L-lysine Metabolic regulatory mechanism Antimicrobial mechanism Functional properties Fermentation performance |
| title | Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications |
| title_full | Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications |
| title_fullStr | Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications |
| title_short | Recent advances in microbial ε-poly-L-lysine fermentation and its diverse applications |
| title_sort | recent advances in microbial ε poly l lysine fermentation and its diverse applications |
| topic | ε-Poly-L-lysine Metabolic regulatory mechanism Antimicrobial mechanism Functional properties Fermentation performance |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-022-02166-2 |
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