Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practices
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is an important technique for measuring the energies of the valence states of metallic, semiconducting and adsorbate-covered metal and semiconducting surfaces. Applications include catalysis, organic electronics, optoelectronic devices and photovoltaics....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Surface Science Advances |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523923000193 |
| _version_ | 1797895506201935872 |
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| author | James E. Whitten |
| author_facet | James E. Whitten |
| author_sort | James E. Whitten |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is an important technique for measuring the energies of the valence states of metallic, semiconducting and adsorbate-covered metal and semiconducting surfaces. Applications include catalysis, organic electronics, optoelectronic devices and photovoltaics. While it is relatively straightforward to obtain a UPS spectrum in a laboratory photoelectron spectrometer equipped with an ultraviolet discharge lamp, obtaining a meaningful spectrum is more difficult and depends on various factors, including proper sample preparation and the elimination of surface charging. The basics of the technique, along with procedures for proper measurement of valence spectra of bare and adsorbate-covered metal and semiconducting surfaces, and conjugated polymer/oligomer films, are described. Best practices for presenting UPS data and measuring work functions from UPS spectra are also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:28:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdf532856855404b82cc8e2a9101f4f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-5239 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:28:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Surface Science Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdf532856855404b82cc8e2a9101f4f22023-02-24T04:31:52ZengElsevierApplied Surface Science Advances2666-52392023-02-0113100384Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practicesJames E. Whitten0Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USAUltraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) is an important technique for measuring the energies of the valence states of metallic, semiconducting and adsorbate-covered metal and semiconducting surfaces. Applications include catalysis, organic electronics, optoelectronic devices and photovoltaics. While it is relatively straightforward to obtain a UPS spectrum in a laboratory photoelectron spectrometer equipped with an ultraviolet discharge lamp, obtaining a meaningful spectrum is more difficult and depends on various factors, including proper sample preparation and the elimination of surface charging. The basics of the technique, along with procedures for proper measurement of valence spectra of bare and adsorbate-covered metal and semiconducting surfaces, and conjugated polymer/oligomer films, are described. Best practices for presenting UPS data and measuring work functions from UPS spectra are also discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523923000193Helium lampPhotoemissionUPSUV lightValence bandWork function |
| spellingShingle | James E. Whitten Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practices Applied Surface Science Advances Helium lamp Photoemission UPS UV light Valence band Work function |
| title | Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practices |
| title_full | Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practices |
| title_fullStr | Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practices |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practices |
| title_short | Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy: Practical aspects and best practices |
| title_sort | ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy practical aspects and best practices |
| topic | Helium lamp Photoemission UPS UV light Valence band Work function |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666523923000193 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jamesewhitten ultravioletphotoelectronspectroscopypracticalaspectsandbestpractices |