AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous System
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-pathogenic virus that mainly infects primates with the help of adenoviruses. AAV is being widely used as a delivery vector for in vivo gene therapy, as evidenced by five currently approved drugs and more than 255 clinical trials across the world. Due to its rela...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/186 |
| _version_ | 1827758578358812672 |
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| author | Muhammad S. Ghauri Li Ou |
| author_facet | Muhammad S. Ghauri Li Ou |
| author_sort | Muhammad S. Ghauri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-pathogenic virus that mainly infects primates with the help of adenoviruses. AAV is being widely used as a delivery vector for in vivo gene therapy, as evidenced by five currently approved drugs and more than 255 clinical trials across the world. Due to its relatively low immunogenicity and toxicity, sustained efficacy, and broad tropism, AAV holds great promise for treating many indications, including central nervous system (CNS), ocular, muscular, and liver diseases. However, low delivery efficiency, especially for the CNS due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), remains a significant challenge for more clinical application of AAV gene therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for utilizing AAV engineering to discover next-generation capsids with improved properties, e.g., enhanced BBB penetrance, lower immunogenicity, and higher packaging efficiency. AAV engineering methods, including directed evolution, rational design, and in silico design, have been developed, resulting in the discovery of novel capsids (e.g., PhP.B, B10, PAL1A/B/C). In this review, we discuss key studies that identified engineered CNS capsids and/or established methodological improvements. Further, we also discussed important issues that need to be addressed, including cross-species translatability, cell specificity, and modular engineering to improve multiple properties simultaneously. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:08:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce5512d9da0d47a98972962c83e3a921 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:08:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce5512d9da0d47a98972962c83e3a9212023-11-16T19:12:48ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-01-0112218610.3390/biology12020186AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous SystemMuhammad S. Ghauri0Li Ou1School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA 92324, USAGenemagic Biosciences, Media, PA 19086, USAAdeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-pathogenic virus that mainly infects primates with the help of adenoviruses. AAV is being widely used as a delivery vector for in vivo gene therapy, as evidenced by five currently approved drugs and more than 255 clinical trials across the world. Due to its relatively low immunogenicity and toxicity, sustained efficacy, and broad tropism, AAV holds great promise for treating many indications, including central nervous system (CNS), ocular, muscular, and liver diseases. However, low delivery efficiency, especially for the CNS due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), remains a significant challenge for more clinical application of AAV gene therapy. Thus, there is an urgent need for utilizing AAV engineering to discover next-generation capsids with improved properties, e.g., enhanced BBB penetrance, lower immunogenicity, and higher packaging efficiency. AAV engineering methods, including directed evolution, rational design, and in silico design, have been developed, resulting in the discovery of novel capsids (e.g., PhP.B, B10, PAL1A/B/C). In this review, we discuss key studies that identified engineered CNS capsids and/or established methodological improvements. Further, we also discussed important issues that need to be addressed, including cross-species translatability, cell specificity, and modular engineering to improve multiple properties simultaneously.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/186AAVcapsid engineeringCNSblood-brain-barrierdirected evolutionin silico |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad S. Ghauri Li Ou AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous System Biology AAV capsid engineering CNS blood-brain-barrier directed evolution in silico |
| title | AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous System |
| title_full | AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous System |
| title_short | AAV Engineering for Improving Tropism to the Central Nervous System |
| title_sort | aav engineering for improving tropism to the central nervous system |
| topic | AAV capsid engineering CNS blood-brain-barrier directed evolution in silico |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/186 |
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