Transforming Growth Factor-β3/Recombinant Human-like Collagen/Chitosan Freeze-Dried Sponge Primed With Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Promotes Bone Regeneration in Calvarial Defect Rats
Patients with a skull defect are at risk of developing cerebrospinal fluid leakage and ascending bacterial meningitis at >10% per year. However, treatment with stem cells has brought great hope to large-area cranial defects. Having found that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 can promote th...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.678322/full |