Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks
The present study aimed to determine the content of health-promoting compounds, and fatty acids, with particular emphasis on the content of <i>cis</i>9<i>trans</i>11 C18:2 (CLA) acid, selected minerals, folates in organic and commercial goat’s milk and fermented goat’s milk d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/5/907 |
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| author | Beata Paszczyk Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska Joanna Klepacka Elżbieta Tońska |
| author_facet | Beata Paszczyk Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska Joanna Klepacka Elżbieta Tońska |
| author_sort | Beata Paszczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aimed to determine the content of health-promoting compounds, and fatty acids, with particular emphasis on the content of <i>cis</i>9<i>trans</i>11 C18:2 (CLA) acid, selected minerals, folates in organic and commercial goat’s milk and fermented goat’s milk drinks. The analyzed milk and yoghurts had various contents of particular groups of fatty acids, CLA, minerals, and folates. Raw organic goat’s milk had a significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher content of CLA (3.26 mg/g fat) compared to commercial milk (2.88 mg/g fat and 2.54 mg/g fat). Among the analyzed fermented goat’s milk drinks, the highest CLA content (4.39 mg/g fat) was determined in commercial natural yoghurts, while the lowest one was in organic natural yoghurts (3.28 mg/g fat). The highest levels of calcium (1322.9–2324.4 µg/g), phosphorus (8148.1–11,309.9 µg/g), and copper (0.072–0.104 µg/g) were found in all commercial products and those of manganese (0.067–0.209 µg/g) in organic products. The contents of the other assayed elements (magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, and zinc) did not depend on the production method, but only on the product type, i.e., the degree of goat’s milk processing. The highest folate content in the analyzed milks was found in the organic sample (3.16 µg/100 g). Organic Greek yoghurts had a several times higher content of folates, reaching 9.18 µg/100 g, compared to the other analyzed fermented products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:32:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0dcd7b772a84cb2abe1cee10ac74abe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:32:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0dcd7b772a84cb2abe1cee10ac74abe2023-11-17T07:13:59ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-03-0113590710.3390/ani13050907Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk DrinksBeata Paszczyk0Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska1Joanna Klepacka2Elżbieta Tońska3Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Commodity and Food Analysis, The Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, PolandThe present study aimed to determine the content of health-promoting compounds, and fatty acids, with particular emphasis on the content of <i>cis</i>9<i>trans</i>11 C18:2 (CLA) acid, selected minerals, folates in organic and commercial goat’s milk and fermented goat’s milk drinks. The analyzed milk and yoghurts had various contents of particular groups of fatty acids, CLA, minerals, and folates. Raw organic goat’s milk had a significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher content of CLA (3.26 mg/g fat) compared to commercial milk (2.88 mg/g fat and 2.54 mg/g fat). Among the analyzed fermented goat’s milk drinks, the highest CLA content (4.39 mg/g fat) was determined in commercial natural yoghurts, while the lowest one was in organic natural yoghurts (3.28 mg/g fat). The highest levels of calcium (1322.9–2324.4 µg/g), phosphorus (8148.1–11,309.9 µg/g), and copper (0.072–0.104 µg/g) were found in all commercial products and those of manganese (0.067–0.209 µg/g) in organic products. The contents of the other assayed elements (magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, and zinc) did not depend on the production method, but only on the product type, i.e., the degree of goat’s milk processing. The highest folate content in the analyzed milks was found in the organic sample (3.16 µg/100 g). Organic Greek yoghurts had a several times higher content of folates, reaching 9.18 µg/100 g, compared to the other analyzed fermented products.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/5/907short-chainbranched and odd-chain fatty acidsconjugated fatty acid (CLA)folatesmineral compositiongoat’s milk |
| spellingShingle | Beata Paszczyk Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska Joanna Klepacka Elżbieta Tońska Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks Animals short-chain branched and odd-chain fatty acids conjugated fatty acid (CLA) folates mineral composition goat’s milk |
| title | Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks |
| title_full | Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks |
| title_fullStr | Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks |
| title_short | Health-Promoting Ingredients in Goat’s Milk and Fermented Goat’s Milk Drinks |
| title_sort | health promoting ingredients in goat s milk and fermented goat s milk drinks |
| topic | short-chain branched and odd-chain fatty acids conjugated fatty acid (CLA) folates mineral composition goat’s milk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/5/907 |
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