Cigarette Smoke or Motor Vehicle Exhaust Exposure Induces PD-L1 Upregulation in Lung Epithelial Cells in COPD Model Rats
A high smoking-independent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence is observed in lung cancer patients. However, the underlying connection between these two diseases still remains unclear. Cigarette smoking and ambient air pollution are common risk factors for COPD and lung cancer. I...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2022-12-01
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| Series: | COPD |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15412555.2022.2058924 |