The effect of cold packs, lidocaine spray, and flashlights on cannulation pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Pain is a frequent and critical problem in daily hemodialysis practice. The pain experienced during arteriovenous fistula cannulation varies from 12% to even 80% in hemodialysis patients depending on the pain assessment tools used. Pain can lead to sleep problems, decreased compl...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00539-4 |