BASIC CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF RESTORATION OF NATURAL FORESTS IN EASTERN EUROPE
The modern forest in coniferous-broadleaf (hemiboreal) and broadleaf zones of Eastern Europe were formed as a result of long-term human impact. This led to the loss of natural forests and total dominance of secondary forests combined with monocultures of spruce and pine that were created in clearing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Penza State University Publishing House
2017-03-01
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| Series: | Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology |
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| Online Access: | http://rjee.ru/en/rjee-2-1-2017-1/ |