Activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) pathways in response to Ref-1 inhibition in human pancreatic cancer and its tumor microenvironment
Pancreatic cancer or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a profound inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) with high heterogeneity, metastatic propensity, and extreme hypoxia. The integrated stress response (ISR) pathway features a family of protein kinases that phosphoryl...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1146115/full |