The role of the tumor microbe microenvironment in the tumor immune microenvironment: bystander, activator, or inhibitor?

Abstract The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy largely depends on the tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor immune microenvironment. Emerging studies have claimed that microbes reside within tumor cells and immune cells, suggesting that these microbes can impact the state of the tumor immune m...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiayao Ma, Lingjuan Huang, Die Hu, Shan Zeng, Ying Han, Hong Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-10-01
Series:Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02128-w