Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability and the resistance of planktonic cells and biofilm to methicillin (MIC and MBC, and log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> reduction, respectively). Thirty-four isolates were used, including coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococcus</...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7725 |
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| author | Acácio Salamandane Jussara Correia Belo Afonso Muetanene Madalena dos Santos Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira Luísa Brito |
| author_facet | Acácio Salamandane Jussara Correia Belo Afonso Muetanene Madalena dos Santos Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira Luísa Brito |
| author_sort | Acácio Salamandane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability and the resistance of planktonic cells and biofilm to methicillin (MIC and MBC, and log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> reduction, respectively). Thirty-four isolates were used, including coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococcus</i> (CPS) and coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (CNS), recovered from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. Biofilm-forming ability was based on enumeration of viable cells from biofilms formed on three types of surfaces, namely stainless steel, polystyrene, and glass. Thirteen of the thirty-four isolates (38.2%) were methicillin-resistant (MIC higher than 4 µg/mL). <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (CPS) and <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> (CNS) were the species that showed the highest percentage of resistance (50% and 71.4%, respectively). <i>Staphylococcus warneri</i> was the only species susceptible to methicillin. In 20 of the 34 isolates, the MBC value was twice the MIC value. The CPS (<i>S. aureus</i>) and the CNS (the other species) were not significantly different (<i>p</i> > 0.05) on biofilm-forming ability on the three surfaces used. However, when comparing the averages obtained for the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates, the values obtained (log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>) in polystyrene were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those obtained with the isolates on stainless steel. On the other hand, data from biofilm-forming ability of the isolates on glass and stainless steel are positively and significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.54; <i>p</i> = 0.02). It was not possible to determine the concentration of methicillin that promotes biofilm removal since log reductions were less than 3 log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>. The results of this study indicate that foodborne CPS and CNS can form biofilms on different types of material. As these biofilms are resistant to high concentrations of methicillin, their occurrence in food environments and their spread to medical settings can result in staphylococcal food poisoning or, in the worst-case scenario, septicemia, respectively. Good hygiene and good manufacturing practices (GHP and GMP) are therefore mandatory to prevent contamination with <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:47:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3721cbc8b534a4cabcaa68242e1d757 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:47:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3721cbc8b534a4cabcaa68242e1d7572023-11-18T16:10:32ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-06-011313772510.3390/app13137725Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming StaphylococciAcácio Salamandane0Jussara Correia1Belo Afonso Muetanene2Madalena dos Santos3Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira4Luísa Brito5LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Lúrio, Campus Universitário de Unango, Sanga 3300, MozambiqueLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-forming ability and the resistance of planktonic cells and biofilm to methicillin (MIC and MBC, and log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> reduction, respectively). Thirty-four isolates were used, including coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococcus</i> (CPS) and coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (CNS), recovered from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. Biofilm-forming ability was based on enumeration of viable cells from biofilms formed on three types of surfaces, namely stainless steel, polystyrene, and glass. Thirteen of the thirty-four isolates (38.2%) were methicillin-resistant (MIC higher than 4 µg/mL). <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (CPS) and <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> (CNS) were the species that showed the highest percentage of resistance (50% and 71.4%, respectively). <i>Staphylococcus warneri</i> was the only species susceptible to methicillin. In 20 of the 34 isolates, the MBC value was twice the MIC value. The CPS (<i>S. aureus</i>) and the CNS (the other species) were not significantly different (<i>p</i> > 0.05) on biofilm-forming ability on the three surfaces used. However, when comparing the averages obtained for the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates, the values obtained (log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>) in polystyrene were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those obtained with the isolates on stainless steel. On the other hand, data from biofilm-forming ability of the isolates on glass and stainless steel are positively and significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.54; <i>p</i> = 0.02). It was not possible to determine the concentration of methicillin that promotes biofilm removal since log reductions were less than 3 log CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>. The results of this study indicate that foodborne CPS and CNS can form biofilms on different types of material. As these biofilms are resistant to high concentrations of methicillin, their occurrence in food environments and their spread to medical settings can result in staphylococcal food poisoning or, in the worst-case scenario, septicemia, respectively. Good hygiene and good manufacturing practices (GHP and GMP) are therefore mandatory to prevent contamination with <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7725foodborne <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp.biofilmsmethicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA)minimum inhibitory concentration—MICminimum bactericidal concentration—MBC |
| spellingShingle | Acácio Salamandane Jussara Correia Belo Afonso Muetanene Madalena dos Santos Manuel Malfeito-Ferreira Luísa Brito Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci Applied Sciences foodborne <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. biofilms methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) minimum inhibitory concentration—MIC minimum bactericidal concentration—MBC |
| title | Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci |
| title_full | Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci |
| title_fullStr | Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci |
| title_short | Methicillin Resistance of Food-Borne Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci |
| title_sort | methicillin resistance of food borne biofilm forming staphylococci |
| topic | foodborne <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. biofilms methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) minimum inhibitory concentration—MIC minimum bactericidal concentration—MBC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/13/7725 |
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