Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly persons

AIMS OF THE STUDY During the transitional phase between the two pandemic waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infection rates were temporarily rising among younger persons only. However, following a temporal delay infections started to expand to olde...

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Main Authors: Christina Haag, Marc Höglinger, André Moser, Oliver Hämmig, Milo Alan Puhan, Viktor von Wyl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SMW supporting association (Trägerverein Swiss Medical Weekly SMW) 2020-12-01
Series:Swiss Medical Weekly
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/2918
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author Christina Haag
Marc Höglinger
André Moser
Oliver Hämmig
Milo Alan Puhan
Viktor von Wyl
author_facet Christina Haag
Marc Höglinger
André Moser
Oliver Hämmig
Milo Alan Puhan
Viktor von Wyl
author_sort Christina Haag
collection DOAJ
description AIMS OF THE STUDY During the transitional phase between the two pandemic waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infection rates were temporarily rising among younger persons only. However, following a temporal delay infections started to expand to older age groups. A comprehensive understanding of such transmission dynamics will be key for managing the pandemic in the time to come and to anticipate future developments. The present study thus extends the scope of previous SARS-CoV-2-related research in Switzerland by contributing to deeper insight into the potential impact of “social mixing” of different age groups on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. METHODS The present study examined persons aged 65 years and older with respect to possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure risks using longitudinal panel data from the Swiss COVID-19 Social Monitor. The study used data from two assessments (survey “May” and survey “August”). Survey “May” took place shortly after the release of the lockdown in Switzerland. Survey “August” was conducted in mid-August. To identify at-risk elderly persons, we conducted a combined factor/k-means clustering analysis of the survey data assessed in August in order to examine different patterns of adherence to recommended preventive measures. RESULTS In summary, 270 (survey “May”) and 256 (survey “August”) persons aged 65 years and older were analysed for the present study. Adherence to established preventive measures was similar across the two surveys, whereas adherence pertaining to social contacts decreased substantially from survey “May” to survey “August”. The combined factor/k-means clustering analysis to identify at-risk elderly individuals yielded four distinct groups with regard to different patterns of adherence to recommended preventive measures: a larger group of individuals with many social contacts but high self-reported adherence to preventive measures (n = 86); a small group with many social contacts and overall lower adherence (n = 26); a group with comparatively few contacts and few social activities (n = 66); and a group which differed from the latter through fewer contacts but more social activities (n = 78). Sociodemographic characteristics and risk perception with regard to SARS-CoV-2 infections among the four groups did not differ in a relevant way across the four groups. CONCLUSIONS Although many elderly persons continued to follow the recommended preventive measures during the transitional phase between the two pandemic waves, social mixing with younger persons constitutes a way for transmission of infections across age groups. Pandemic containment among all age groups thus remains essential to protect vulnerable populations, including the elderly.
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spelling doaj.art-d46bb908cca44c1f852fed5f5079f77c2022-12-29T16:02:13ZengSMW supporting association (Trägerverein Swiss Medical Weekly SMW)Swiss Medical Weekly1424-39972020-12-01150495010.4414/smw.2020.20416Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly personsChristina Haag0Marc Höglinger1André Moser2Oliver Hämmig3Milo Alan Puhan4Viktor von Wyl5Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, SwitzerlanWinterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, SwitzerlandEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, SwitzerlanEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, SwitzerlanEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, SwitzerlanEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerlan; Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, University of Zurich, Switzerland AIMS OF THE STUDY During the transitional phase between the two pandemic waves of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infection rates were temporarily rising among younger persons only. However, following a temporal delay infections started to expand to older age groups. A comprehensive understanding of such transmission dynamics will be key for managing the pandemic in the time to come and to anticipate future developments. The present study thus extends the scope of previous SARS-CoV-2-related research in Switzerland by contributing to deeper insight into the potential impact of “social mixing” of different age groups on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. METHODS The present study examined persons aged 65 years and older with respect to possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure risks using longitudinal panel data from the Swiss COVID-19 Social Monitor. The study used data from two assessments (survey “May” and survey “August”). Survey “May” took place shortly after the release of the lockdown in Switzerland. Survey “August” was conducted in mid-August. To identify at-risk elderly persons, we conducted a combined factor/k-means clustering analysis of the survey data assessed in August in order to examine different patterns of adherence to recommended preventive measures. RESULTS In summary, 270 (survey “May”) and 256 (survey “August”) persons aged 65 years and older were analysed for the present study. Adherence to established preventive measures was similar across the two surveys, whereas adherence pertaining to social contacts decreased substantially from survey “May” to survey “August”. The combined factor/k-means clustering analysis to identify at-risk elderly individuals yielded four distinct groups with regard to different patterns of adherence to recommended preventive measures: a larger group of individuals with many social contacts but high self-reported adherence to preventive measures (n = 86); a small group with many social contacts and overall lower adherence (n = 26); a group with comparatively few contacts and few social activities (n = 66); and a group which differed from the latter through fewer contacts but more social activities (n = 78). Sociodemographic characteristics and risk perception with regard to SARS-CoV-2 infections among the four groups did not differ in a relevant way across the four groups. CONCLUSIONS Although many elderly persons continued to follow the recommended preventive measures during the transitional phase between the two pandemic waves, social mixing with younger persons constitutes a way for transmission of infections across age groups. Pandemic containment among all age groups thus remains essential to protect vulnerable populations, including the elderly. https://www.smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/2918AgeCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2social mixingSwitzerland
spellingShingle Christina Haag
Marc Höglinger
André Moser
Oliver Hämmig
Milo Alan Puhan
Viktor von Wyl
Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly persons
Swiss Medical Weekly
Age
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
social mixing
Switzerland
title Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly persons
title_full Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly persons
title_fullStr Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly persons
title_full_unstemmed Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly persons
title_short Social mixing and risk exposures for SARS-CoV-2 infections in elderly persons
title_sort social mixing and risk exposures for sars cov 2 infections in elderly persons
topic Age
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
social mixing
Switzerland
url https://www.smw.ch/index.php/smw/article/view/2918
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