Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Non-Cancer Acute and Chronic Pain Management: The Critical Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Pain, and Opioid Dependence, Addiction, Hyperalgesia, and Tolerance
Background: In the past three decades, prescription opioid use has increased dramatically in the United States (US). This has resulted in opioid addiction, increased overdose deaths, and switch to heroin and illicitly manufactured fentanyl use. Although there has been a reduction in opioid prescript...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Advances in Redox Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667137921000035 |