Investigating of Underground Economy by Using Currency Ratio and Gap Between Expenditure and Income of the Family

Underground Economy is a series of value added activities which is not defined in the frame of formal economic. Private activities, private organizations and those kinds of market activities which, in some way, are not discovered by officials, totally, are making black or informal economic. Undergro...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ali Asghar Esfandiari, Fatemeh Mehrbani
Format: Article
Language:fas
Published: Allameh Tabataba'i University Press 2006-12-01
Series:Faslnāmah-i Pizhūhish/Nāmah-i Iqtisādī
Online Access:https://joer.atu.ac.ir/article_2966_dd4e1bbed21d8537a825ce044c521eff.pdf