Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Smokers employing electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are currently the most common types of smoking patients seen in the dental practice. Both types of smoking are currently viewed as less harmful than cigarette smoking. However, many studies already indica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/17/9654 |
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| author | Nicole Camoni Giulio Conti Marcella Esteves-Oliveira Thiago Saad Carvalho Andrea Roccuzzo Maria Grazia Cagetti Guglielmo Campus |
| author_facet | Nicole Camoni Giulio Conti Marcella Esteves-Oliveira Thiago Saad Carvalho Andrea Roccuzzo Maria Grazia Cagetti Guglielmo Campus |
| author_sort | Nicole Camoni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smokers employing electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are currently the most common types of smoking patients seen in the dental practice. Both types of smoking are currently viewed as less harmful than cigarette smoking. However, many studies already indicate that they could harm oral health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to collect a comprehensive overview of the actual knowledge regarding ENDS and HTP from a clinical and a laboratory perspective. Publications available through PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to summarize the effects of ENDS and HTP on oral health. Six surveys on self-perceived gum disease (T2 = 9.47 I2 = 99.32%), three cross-sectional studies reporting the BOP score (T2 = 8.68 I2 = 99.13%), and four in vitro studies on apoptosis after vaping exposure in human oral fibroblasts (T 2 = 8.10 I2 = 91.50%) were separately analyzed. The risk of bias ranged from critical to low. Both ENDS and HTP seem to have detrimental effects on periodontal and peri-implant parameters, and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of carcinogenic and inflammatory biomarkers. flavored e-liquids may also be a caries risk factor. Comprehensive smoking counseling should be carried out with all types of smoking patients, investigating the type of habit in terms of duration, nicotine percentage, and additional flavorings. Additional research is necessary to assess the long-term effects of alternative tobacco products on oral health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:28:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5eb41bb832c4b3787db06c45c1ced9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:28:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5eb41bb832c4b3787db06c45c1ced9a2023-11-19T07:50:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-08-011317965410.3390/app13179654Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisNicole Camoni0Giulio Conti1Marcella Esteves-Oliveira2Thiago Saad Carvalho3Andrea Roccuzzo4Maria Grazia Cagetti5Guglielmo Campus6Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, ItalyDepartment of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandSmokers employing electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are currently the most common types of smoking patients seen in the dental practice. Both types of smoking are currently viewed as less harmful than cigarette smoking. However, many studies already indicate that they could harm oral health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to collect a comprehensive overview of the actual knowledge regarding ENDS and HTP from a clinical and a laboratory perspective. Publications available through PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to summarize the effects of ENDS and HTP on oral health. Six surveys on self-perceived gum disease (T2 = 9.47 I2 = 99.32%), three cross-sectional studies reporting the BOP score (T2 = 8.68 I2 = 99.13%), and four in vitro studies on apoptosis after vaping exposure in human oral fibroblasts (T 2 = 8.10 I2 = 91.50%) were separately analyzed. The risk of bias ranged from critical to low. Both ENDS and HTP seem to have detrimental effects on periodontal and peri-implant parameters, and laboratory tests confirmed the presence of carcinogenic and inflammatory biomarkers. flavored e-liquids may also be a caries risk factor. Comprehensive smoking counseling should be carried out with all types of smoking patients, investigating the type of habit in terms of duration, nicotine percentage, and additional flavorings. Additional research is necessary to assess the long-term effects of alternative tobacco products on oral health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/17/9654electronic nicotine delivery systemselectronic cigarettese-cigoral healthheated tobacco products |
| spellingShingle | Nicole Camoni Giulio Conti Marcella Esteves-Oliveira Thiago Saad Carvalho Andrea Roccuzzo Maria Grazia Cagetti Guglielmo Campus Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Applied Sciences electronic nicotine delivery systems electronic cigarettes e-cig oral health heated tobacco products |
| title | Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Electronic Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco Products, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | electronic cigarettes heated tobacco products and oral health a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | electronic nicotine delivery systems electronic cigarettes e-cig oral health heated tobacco products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/17/9654 |
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